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Terrorism
Description of the issue and its global reach;
Bachmann, S., & Gunneriusson, H. (2014). Terrorism and Cyber Attacks as Hybrid Threats: Defining a Comprehensive Approach for Countering 21st Century Threats to Global Risk and Security. The Journal On Terrorism and Security Analysis, http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2252595
This article discusses cyber terrorism and its growing threat in the digital age. The author present finding covering a continuous Hybrid Threat experiment undertaken by researchers at the Swedish Defense College focusing on cyber-attacks and its role in asymmetric conflict.
Graham, M., & Ramiah, V. (2012). Global terrorism and adaptive expectations in financial markets: Evidence from Japanese equity market. Research in International Business and Finance, 26(1), 97-119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ribaf.2011.07.002
This article examines five terrorist attacks and the impact they had on Japanese industries. The information provides an indicator of how terrorist attacks affect global markets and economies.
Source 3: Pain, R. (2014). Everyday terrorism: Connecting domestic violence and global terrorism. Progress in Human Geography, 38(4), 531-550. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309132513512231
This article discusses the remapping of the geographies of terrorism. Global terrorism and everyday terrorism such as domestic violence are related efforts to exercise political control via fear.
2. Description of the impact of the issue at the national level;
Source 1: Brockhoff, S., Krieger, T., &...
(2014). Great Expectations and Hard Times: The (Nontrivial) Impact of Education on Domestic Terrorism. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 59(7), 1186-1215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022002713520589
This study suggests country-specific circumstances may have a moderating effect on awareness and education on terrorism. In order to promote education on terrorism, there needs to be a sound structural change to reduce terrorism.
Source 2: Gould, E., & Klor, E. (2015). The Long-run Effect of 9/11: Terrorism, Backlash, and the Assimilation of Muslim Immigrants in the West. Econ J, 1-7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ecoj.12219
This article discusses the after effects of the 9/11 attack. It also examines the backlash against Muslims and their growing difficulties assimilating into American culture.
Source 3: Phillips, P. (2011). Lone Wolf Terrorism. Peace Economics, Peace Science and Public Policy, 17(1). http://dx.doi.org/10.2202/1554-8597.1207
This article discusses 'lone wolf terrorism' and its proliferation after the beginning of global terrorist attacks. Phillips derived seven predictions from a mean-variance theoretical framework as well as numerical estimates to understand what lone wolf attacks may consist of; pointing to assassination and armed attack.
3. Explanation of the international treaties, laws and norms that address the issue;
Source 1: Brown, J., & Urpelainen, J. (2014). Picking Treaties, Picking Winners: International Treaty Negotiations and the Strategic Mobilization of Domestic Interests. Journal of…
This article discusses the variations in NGOs' responses to post-2001 variances in counterterrorism regulation in various parts of the world like the United States and the United Kingdom. They present various type responses such as shirking, hiding, and vocal opposition.
Source 3: Cole, J. (2013). 9/11 and the design of counterterrorism institutions. Journal of Policing, Intelligence and Counter Terrorism, 8(1), 99-101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/18335330.2013.790123
This article highlights the design of counterterrorism institutions after the 9/11 attacks. It discusses the Karlsson theoretical framework and how it might aide in define differences as well as the drivers behind them.
Terrorism Annotated Bibliography Gardner, K.L. (2007). Fighting terrorism the FATF way. Global Governance: a Review of Multilateralism and International Organizations. (13:3). 325-45. FATF, or Financial Task Force, is considered a successful organization in terms of investigating how global terrorism is funded. Without financial backing, the complexities required that go into terrorism attacks would not be possible. Kathryn Gardner argues that other aspects of investigation into potential terrorist organization could benefit from
Self-Reflection: Writing the proposal, annotated bibliography, and research argument on overfishing in the Pacific Ocean has been an exciting and challenging process. The exciting aspects of this task originate from the lessons and skills I have gained regarding the topic and on conducting research. This task has also provided me with a new perspective regarding the problem of overfishing across the globe, especially in the Pacific Ocean. On the contrary, this
The challenge to the works validity occurs because of the role given to violence in the FSI. The absence or presence of violence is insufficient to classify a state as failed or otherwise. The researcher found that close 50% of all failed states have terrorist attacks. This is exemplified by an odds ratio of 3:1 when compared to more stable states. The practical value of the work lies in the
It provides the starling figure that private industry spends $150 billion dollars fighting the war on terror. More money has been made available to entrepreneurs to address computer security demands, and the government has found itself in a kind of game of catch-up, often mimicking the security protocols already installed in businesses across the globe. There is 'big money' to be made, profiting off of the federal government's need to
Hayyat Malik, S. (2012). A Study of Relationship between Leader Behaviors and Subordinate Job Expectancies: A Path-Goal Approach. Pakistan Journal of Commerce & Social Sciences, 6(2), 357-371. This study explores the relationship between leadership behavior and acceptance of a leader by subordinates. The underlying concept is path-goal theory, which is based on the idea that a leader's style can dictate organizational effectiveness, and that the style should be tailored to specific
Annotated Bibliography Agbiboa, D.E. (2013a). Peace at Daggers Drawn? Boko Haram and the State of Emergency in Nigeria. Studies in Conflict and Terrorism 37(1): 41-67. One of the leading analysts on Boko Haram here provides a detailed overview of the group, discussing how Boko Haram emerged out of the chaotic instability in northern Nigeria, what specific demands and issues the group has presented and how those demands have changed, how they recruit,