An Annotated Bibliography on Terrorism

Terrorism Description of the issue and its global reach; Bachmann, S., & Gunneriusson, H. (2014). Terrorism and Cyber Attacks as Hybrid Threats: Defining a Comprehensive Approach for Countering 21st Century Threats to Global Risk and Security. The Journal On Terrorism and Security Analysis, http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2252595 This article discusses cyber terrorism and its growing threat in the digital age. The author present finding covering a continuous Hybrid Threat experiment undertaken by researchers at the Swedish Defense College focusing on cyber-attacks and its role in asymmetric conflict.

Graham, M., & Ramiah, V. (2012). Global terrorism and adaptive expectations in financial markets: Evidence from Japanese equity market. Research in International Business and Finance, 26(1), 97-119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ribaf.2011.07.002 This article examines five terrorist attacks and the impact they had on Japanese industries. The information provides an indicator of how terrorist attacks affect global markets and economies. Source 3: Pain, R. (2014). Everyday terrorism: Connecting domestic violence and global terrorism. Progress in Human Geography, 38(4), 531-550. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309132513512231 This article discusses the remapping of the geographies of terrorism.

Global terrorism and everyday terrorism such as domestic violence are related efforts to exercise political control via fear. 2. Description of the impact of the issue at the national level; Source 1: Brockhoff, S., Krieger, T., & Meierrieks, D. (2014). Great Expectations and Hard Times: The (Nontrivial) Impact of Education on Domestic Terrorism. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 59(7), 1186-1215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022002713520589 This study suggests country-specific circumstances may have a moderating effect on awareness and education on terrorism.

In order to promote education on terrorism, there needs to be a sound structural change to reduce terrorism. Source 2: Gould, E., & Klor, E. (2015). The Long-run Effect of 9/11: Terrorism, Backlash, and the Assimilation of Muslim Immigrants in the West. Econ J, 1-7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ecoj.12219 This article discusses the after effects of the 9/11 attack. It also examines the backlash against Muslims and their growing difficulties assimilating into American culture. Source 3: Phillips, P. (2011). Lone Wolf Terrorism. Peace Economics, Peace Science and Public Policy, 17(1).

http://dx.doi.org/10.2202/1554-8597.1207 This article discusses 'lone wolf terrorism' and its proliferation after the beginning of global terrorist attacks. Phillips derived seven predictions from a mean-variance theoretical framework as well as numerical estimates to understand what lone wolf attacks may consist of; pointing to assassination and armed attack. 3. Explanation of the international treaties, laws and norms that address the issue; Source 1: Brown, J., & Urpelainen, J. (2014). Picking Treaties, Picking Winners: International Treaty Negotiations and the Strategic Mobilization of Domestic Interests. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 59(6), 1043-1073.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022002713520479 This article discusses domestic politics and international treaty negotiations and how they may be interrelated. By developing treaties that mobilize what the authors term 'swing' groups, negotiators can affect the chances of a party assuming power. Source 2: Chyzh, O. (2013). Can you trust a dictator: A strategic model of authoritarian regimes' signing and compliance with international treaties? Conflict Management and Peace Science, 31(1), 3-27.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0738894213501132 This article covers institutional variation between authoritarian regimes and if this variation can lead to meaningful differences in the tendencies to comply with foreign agreements. The information provides a good source for understanding how foreign governments like Syria could destabilize and reduce the terrorist force occupying the area. Source 3: Moslemzadeh Tehrani, P., Abdul Manap, N., & Taji, H. (2013). Cyber terrorism challenges: The need for a global response to a multi-jurisdictional crime. Computer Law & Security Review, 29(3), 207-215.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clsr.2013.03.011 This article investigates ways of how to deal with cyber terrorism. As a growing concern, it is important to review and analyze the sufficiency and effectiveness of current international responses to cyberterrorism. 4. The main international Intergovernmental Organizations and Non-Governmental Organizations that are concerned with the issue and discussion on how they are dealing with it. Source 1: Bird, J. (2015). NATO's Role in Counter-Terrorism. Perspectives On Terrorism, 9(2).