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Narcotics and explosive detection work combine both classical and operant conditioning. The classical element of their conditioning is the conditioning implemented to substitute a reward in the form of a particular play toy used only for its specific purpose as a positive consequence of desired behavior. In that case, the operant component of the conditioning is that the desired behavior of searching for contraband, first, triggers the reward afterwards.
In training a canine officer to detect contraband, operant conditioning is also used in another way; namely, in addition to training the canine to seek and find explosives or narcotics, the trainer also rewards the subject for initiating a specific desired passive or active response. Generally, active responses such as barking and biting to hold are used for patrol work. Passive responses are more appropriate in contraband detection, where the passive responses like sitting are much safer than active responses such as retrieval. Real Life Learning Experience #2: World War I was the first mechanized war in which new military technologies made possible by the industrial revolution, the assembly line production system pioneered by Henry Ford, and advances in metallurgy combined to produce fierce weapons of previously unheard of destructive capability. By the end of the war, in addition to millions killed and wounded in action, physicians...
Specifically, many WWI veterans developed an abnormal sensitivity to any loud sounds, especially any sound produce by explosive mechanics, such as fireworks or gasoline engines misfiring. Many would begin shaking uncontrollably at some of the ordinary sounds of modern industrial society. Initially, in the post WWI era, military surgeons and psychiatrists coined the term "shellshock" because soldiers afflicted with its symptoms had been classically conditioned to respond with all the physiological responses of intense fear and life threatening danger triggered by the sounds of artillery shelling. Eventually, shellshock came to be known as post traumatic stress disorder
PTSD) which was found to manifest itself in many different specific circumstances. All of them have one thing in common: they represent examples of classical conditioning, where the subject is conditioned to react with physiological responses normally triggered only by extreme danger after learning to associate loud sounds and battlefield dangers (Gerrig & Zimbardo 2005).
REFERENCES Eden, R.S. (1993) K-9 Officer's Manual. Alberta: Detselig Enterprises. Gerrig, R, Zimbardo, P. (2005) Psychology and Life. 17th Edition.
New York: Allyn & Bacon.
REFERENCES Eden, R.S. (1993) K-9 Officer's Manual. Alberta: Detselig Enterprises. Gerrig, R, Zimbardo, P. (2005) Psychology and Life. 17th Edition.
New York: Allyn & Bacon.
A behavior resulting from injury or disease behavior resulting from experience behavior resulting from disease or drugs biologically determined behavior Evidence that learning has occurred is seen in published research studies changes in thinking changes in behavior emotional stability Change in performance is preceded by bad reviews scientific research the behavior of others change in disposition If-then statements may also be referred to as principles generalization hypothesis laws Statements which summarize relationships are restricted
Memory In the spaces provided beneath the flowchart, list the term that corresponds with the definition in each box. ABC/123 Version X Copyright © XXXX by University of Phoenix. All rights reserved. Sensory memory Meaningful organization Short-term memory Encoding Storage Grouping Rehearsal Association Hopper, C. How memory works. PowerPoint. Retrieved from: http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:BZ81rE0CqEcJ:college.cengage.com/collegesurvival/hopper/practicing_college/4e/prepare/ppt/hopper_ch04_how_memory_works.ppt+&cd=10&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us Computing IQ Essay Consider the following scenario: Kara is 10 years old. She has been given an intelligence test. Her mental age is 13. According to Sternberg, what is Kara's IQ? Conduct research and
This idea of guidance is important; children need the framework and support to expand their ZPD. Since the ZPD defines the skills and abilities that children are in the process of developing, there is also a range of development that we might call a "stretch goal"(Mooney). For Vygotsky, supplying the child with a combination of theoretical and empirical learning methods is a more robust way to ensure cognition. This leads
Abstract Theories of learning are critical for informing pedagogical practice and promoting a deeper understanding of human behavior and mental processes. Behaviorism offers corresponding theories of learning that focus mainly on observable and measurable outcomes in performance. Cognitive theories of learning emphasize numerous complex thought processes such as assimilation and accommodation of new material, and also takes into account emotional aspects such as motivation. Behavioral learning theories and cognitive learning theories
Clinical Psychology Dissertation - Dream Content as a Therapeutic Approach: Ego Gratification vs. Repressed Feelings An Abstract of a Dissertation Dream Content as a Therapeutic Approach: Ego Gratification vs. Repressed Feelings This study sets out to determine how dreams can be used in a therapeutic environment to discuss feelings from a dream, and how the therapist should engage the patient to discuss them to reveal the relevance of those feelings, in their present,
Classical conditioning for instance is defined as a "simple form of associative learning that enables organisms to anticipate events" while Operant Conditioning is defined as learning to do/not do actions as a result of being conditioned to know what consequences to expect of the said actions. The chapter looks at the contributions of B. F. Skinner to the field work of conditioning, reinforcements and punishments used in conditioning, different