Media Worlds These four readings were written between 1944 and 1955, and to a certain extent represent an outmoded era of media criticism. This does not mean these studies are obsolete, but it does mean that they must be considered in light of the current sea-change that is taking place in media overall -- most notably with the Internet, but also with the effect that the Internet is having upon other forms of media (such as the decline and instability of newspaper journalism). But we must acknowledge the limitations of these studies.

The most basic study is presented by Lasswell (1948), who is interested in defining the terminology, as scientifically as possible, as to what constitutes "communication." Lasswell draws parallels between various biological processes (of how organisms gather information through sensory apparatus, and how they attempt to control the amount of information they give out) to come up with a theory where communication, socially, performs three distinct functions: "surveillance of the environment, disclosing threats and opportunities…correlation of the...

In other words, communication exists on the social level to understand the world outside the society, to help the different sectors of society understand themselves and each other, and to communicate (ultimately) with future generations. In some sense, the changing media environment of the early 21st century -- with the inclusion of the Internet -- calls all of these functions into question, or invites us to see these functions as they evolve with new technological opportunities for communication in mass media. "Surveillance" -- as in society identifying threats and opportunities -- has now become universal, insofar as anyone may go online to complain or organize in response to…