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(and please do not forget to include a reference!)
What are some benefits of focusing crime prevention efforts on places instead of people? How does crime analysis relate to this practice?
Crime prevention efforts focused upon 'place' are founded upon an idea that the environment gives rise to crime, rather than a failure of an individual's will. By creating an environment not conducive to crime that is heavily patrolled by police and neighborhood watch units, for example, there can be potential improvement of the crime rate, not simply more persons convicted of crimes. This requires the analysis of high risk areas for crime in particular city districts. This concept heavily underlines the UK approach called 'neighbourhood policing,' "a truly local policing style: local people working with local police and partners to identify and tackle issues of concern in their neighbourhood" (About safer neighbourhoods, 2014, Metropolitan Police). The approach taken to crime reduction is specifically tailored to the area in question. "Local communities getting a real say in deciding...
Rather than fostering an adversarial relationship between public and the police, mutual goals and interests are stressed. This encourages people to be forthcoming about spotting crime and working with police to achieve mutually agreed-upon goals. Also, there is an effort to foster genuine agreement about what crimes are particularly damaging to the community which encourages participation rather than hostility between residents. The philosophy is that the aim of the police is to protect the public and make life more habitable, rather than a pure law and order focus.
References
Greek, C. (2005). The classical school. Criminal Theory Homepage. Retrieved:
http://criminology.fsu.edu/crimtheory/week3.htm
Classical criminology was an idea formed because there was no formal understanding of what caused criminal behavior. In an attempt to make sense of what was deemed socially irresponsible behavior, Cesare Beccaria was determined to formulate a theory that not only helped explain criminal behavior, but also helped to streamline punishment. Before this theory was developed, crime was not studied and the enforcement of crime was very arbitrary. Many times
43) Foundation and Focus The foundation for the Classical Theory to crime focused less on the criminal and targeted more on securing a rational, fair system for controlling and putting punishments in order. Little concern was given to causes of criminal behaviors. Significant words/definitions related to this theory include: Classicism - The Enlightenment view of crime that stresses free will and rationality and the corresponding rationality of the justice system.... Free will
Classical vs. Positivist School of Criminology: Two Clashing Views of the Human, Criminal Animal Although 18th century classical views of criminology should not be conflated with later, modern notions of classical psychological conditioning like Pavlov's dog being trained to salivate at the sound of a bell, there are certain similarities between the two schools of thought and even some of the methods used in classical criminology to reorient criminals back into society.
Many people using illicit and illegal drugs often have no impulse control and may turn violent or to another form of crime. Once an individual's mind is altered from the constant use of drugs, he or she will often steal, lie, and cheat to make the next dollar to obtain more drugs. Many people could share family related drug stories that have led to criminal activities. About 10 years ago,
Theoretical Evaluation Theory Evaluation The initial modern clarification of crime is known as "classical hypothesis" (Cullen and Agnew 2011). This hypothesis was produced in response to the malefic, irrational, and barbaric frameworks of criminal equity that existed in Europe in the 1700s. The laws were frequently arbitrary; judges were corrupt; penal awards for the same wrongdoing varied broadly; and disciplines were at times very cruel, causative of extreme physical abuse and often
To the extent criminal behavior is actually a result of spontaneous choice, it might be perfectly appropriate as a societal response to crime. On the other hand, to the extent criminal behavior is only partially attributable to spontaneous choice, the classical approach to crime control is inherently ineffective and unlikely to achieve the larger objective of reducing crime in society. Furthermore, the classical approach to crime control is unlikely to