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¶ … substance abuse disorder that can mimic a mental health or medical diagnosis. -Addictions or substance abuse counseling
Brooks, AJ & Penn, PE (2003) Comparing Treatments for Dual Diagnosis: Twelve-Step and Self-Management and Recovery Training THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DRUG AND ALCOHOL ABUSE, 29, 359 -- 383
Brooks and Penn (2003) compared the effectiveness of the 12-step approach with the cognitive-behavioral (Self-Management and Recovery Training [SMART]) approach for people with a dual diagnosis of serious mental illness and substance use disorder. The 112 participants were tested in an intensive outpatient/partial hospitalization setting and were assigned to two treatment conditions. 50 participants completed the 6-month treatment program. The participants were tested during five intermittent periods. Researchers discovered that the 12 Steps program was more efficacious in decreasing alcohol use and increasing social interactions, but that it resulted in a worsening of medical problems, health status, employment status, and psychiatric hospitalization. SMART, on the other hand, showed positive associating with finding employment and improved psychiatric status, but it resulted in increased drug (specifically marijuana) use. Both approaches showed decrease in use of alcohol and increase in life satisfaction. The participants who stayed longer with either program showed greater improvement, whilst completion of the entire program showed positive association with better financial health, less alcohol use, and fewer medical problems.
Although initially a large sample was involved (112 individuals), only 50 completed the program and this may provide too small a sample against which one can draw conclusions for an entire population of people with dual diagnosis. 70 individuals completed a 3-month segment. This shows partial results and is a bit larger. Nonetheless, when one considers the general population of people with dual diagnosis, this, too, may be too small. This is particularly so since so many other variables intervene in influencing factors such as employment, illness, alcohol use, and health status and the demographics of these participants may not have considered every factor,...
Five authoritative and reliable measures were used to test for key constructs and sufficient time (a year) was given following relapse in order to see whether symptoms had disappeared. A significant number of the participants showed similarities in reductions of the same symptoms, and since a pattern appeared and testing was consistent one can say that results were interesting and contributive. However, the disorder does have a cyclical nature and involves far more complex impairments than were taken into consideration in this study.
As regards helpfulness of this study, it is certainly helpful in pointing to practitioners the various benefits of both 12 Steps and the SMART program. Each offers its particular benefits and each contributes different results. The study is immensely helpful in pointing out the results of each. A recommendation would be to integrate both programs for maximum efficacy. Nonetheless, further study, involving multiple measures of substance use and conducted on larger and more diverse populations would be helpful.
2. Timko, C, Dixon, K., & Moos, RH (2005). Treatment for Dual Diagnosis Patients in the Psychiatric and Substance Abuse Systems Mental Health Services Research, 7, 4,
The purpose of this study was to investigate and compare the extent to which psychiatric and substance abuse programs treated dual diagnosis patients in their residential and outpatient Modalities and whether their treatment was affective for this population sample. Managers of 753 programs in the Department of Veterans Affairs that had treatment programs oriented for this population completed surveys .Researchers found that both psychiatric and substance abuse programs contained commonalities. Substance abuse programs, however, seemed to be superior to psychiatric interventions in that they offered helpful supplementary programs such as cognitive behavioral treatment programs as well as assignment of a single case manager to each patient. More so, outpatient psychiatric programs also tested poor on essential management aspects as well as lacking key treatments. Dual-diagnosis is a recurring and recycling situation, and both psychiatric and substance abuse programs lacked long-term interventions that were necessary to deal with the recurrence of the problem. The researchers, therefore, concluded by prescribing that the two modalities learn from one…
The authors found positive associations to exist between these six components and treatment completion, length of stay, decreased use of substances, reduced mental health symptoms, improved birth outcomes, employment, self-reported health status, and HIV risk reduction. The authors conclude by recommending that further research needs to be done into interventions that can be efficacious for women in order to best treat that gender.
The study is helpful to people who work with substance abuse since research has clearly indicated gender-based differences in etiology of substance abuse and reaction to interventions. In this case, it only makes sense to evaluate the existent research on pertinent gender differences and to structure substance-abuse programs for each gender accordingly.
The studies, however, that authors employed - only 38 -- may have been too few. They may also have been from biased samples and may have reflected specific and limited populations and contexts. Substance abuse is a complex and multi-variegated field with patients possessing many variables. It is, therefore, important that a more comprehensive and exhaustive study (both longitudinal and cross-sectional) be conducted and that further meta analytic studies including a more diverse population be conducted. Given the limited purview of this study, Ashley et al.'s (2003) findings may not be generalizable to all treatment programs and treatment populations. Furthermore, most of the articles employed were non-randomized rather than randomized studies, containing lesser reliability. Given accomplishment of these factors, future research on this same topic would be extremely helpful to researchers and social workers since substance abuse programs may be substantially improved for women helping both women and their offspring.
Clients attend multiple twelve-step meetings and participate in twelve-step work to gain freedom from alcohol and/or drug addiction. In addition, they participate in individual and group counseling in order to alleviate the depression and anxiety underlying the addiction ("Dual diagnosis...," 2006). Happiness, in their opinion, is the cure for addictions. Giving and receiving love is the key to happiness. This concept is the main reason for Hope and Serenity's success
Alcohol and substance abuse is a prevalent problem among youth. Effects of alcohol and substance abuse range from mental health problems like depression and suicide ideation to dating violence, to poor academic performance (Radliff, Wheaton, Robinson, & Morris, 2012). Early exposure to substance and alcohol abuse in the home may lead to an earlier instance of drug and alcohol abuse. This is because of the higher degree of availability and
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder and Alcoholism/Addiction Narrative Alcoholism and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Overview PTSD and Co morbidity of Alcoholism: The Role of Trauma Childhood Abuse and Gender Differences in PTSD Association Between Alcoholism and Emotion Genetic and Environmental Influences Models of Assessment/Conclusions Abstract TC "Abstract" f C l "1" This study will examine the relationship between post traumatic stress disorder and alcoholism/addiction. The author proposes a quantitative correlation analysis of the relationship between PTSD and alcoholism be conducted to
Therefore, it is likely that "men who are highly comorbid for antisocial PD and alcohol and drug use disorders are more likely to die young or be incarcerated than women and thus less likely to be represented in general population surveys." (Grant et al., 2006, p. 128). However, because incarcerated or dead men do not present for treatment, these findings are still of use to the practitioner. Conclusion Both articles do
Likewise, anxiety and depression represent the most prevalent problems facing young adults attending college, with these two conditions being ranked first and third, respectively, among college students seeking counseling services (Mccarthy, Fouladi, Juncker & Matheny, 2006). According to Armstrong and her associates (2003), adolescence and young adulthood is a period in life when most people engage in explorative behaviors and test their limits in ways that may contribute to their
Treatment and therapy for the condition is sought after clinical psychologists, in most cases when they face multiple court charges, diagnose the patient. Treatment of the condition entails the use of behavioral treatments like reward and punishment methods in psychology. A patient with antisocial personality disorder is rewarded for displaying the correct behavior, under the positive reinforcement method. Negative reinforcement entails promise and use negative consequences for any illegal