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¶ … tests (CRTs) and scales vs. norm-Referenced
Criterion-referenced tests (CRTs) are often the preferred method of assessing the performance of many practitioners in the healthcare and 'helping' professions such as nursing. An example of a criterion-based objective is that a student mastered 90% of the terms on a particular test (McDonald 2002). The NCLEX (National Council Licensure Examination) for nurses is an example of such a test: all nurses that pass the test can obtain licensure. The test is deemed to be both reliable and valid. "The reliability of the NCLEX examination is assessed via a decision consistency statistic. This statistic is used instead of a traditional reliability statistic such as Cronbach's alpha because it captures the reliability of dichotomous pass/fail decisions rather than the reliability of continuous scores or ability estimates" (Reliability of NCLEX, 2013, NCSBN: 2).
In terms of the NCLE, the exam attempts to ensure content validity; face validity; construct validity; predictive validity; and scoring (passing standard) validity. A variety of item writers are contracted to ensure the content will "cover the entire domain of entry-level nursing practice;" sampling validity is ensured by "on going evaluation of the scope of entry-level nursing practice;"...
Partially because the NCLEX is criterion-based, it would not be valid to test on other populations since it is specifically designed to measure nursing competency. As well as actual tests, criterion-referenced nursing scales can also measure critical nursing traits. For example, the Nursing Student Self-Efficacy Scale measures nursing students' self-efficacy beliefs, psychomotor skill performance and communication skills. The test was normed upon 421 nursing students and "40% of the items provided high information about self-efficacy and 20% provided moderately high information" (Stump, Husman, & Brem 2013). Similarly, this scale is intended solely to measure skills in relationship to nursing and is not suitable for other populations.
References
Reliability of NCLEX. (2013). NCSBN. Retrieved: https://www.ncsbn.org/Reliability.pdf
What does Cronbach's alpha mean? (n.d.). SPSS FAQ. Institute for Digital Research and Education. UCLA. Retrieved: http://www.ats.ucla.edu/stat/spss/faq/alpha.html
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