Scaling in Test Development
Scaling is a process in test development that refers to assigning numbers to different levels of a characteristic that is being measured. The purpose is to be able to quantify psychological attributes for statistical analysis. Scaling is helpful because it allows one to more easily compare differences in psychological traits with statistically meaningful test scores that can be interpreted in accordance with basic statistical analysis models (Cohen et al., 2021). In other words, it produces a more objective and less subjective approach to psychological testing and evaluation.
Types of Scales Used in Test Development
There are different types of scales that can be used in test development: they are nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio scales. Each serves its own purpose.
Nominal Scales
Nominal scales put data into categories so that there is no implied quantitative relationship between the data/categories. Essentially, they are used as a way to label variables that have no quantitative value. For example, assigning numbers to different psychological disorders (i.e,, 1 for depression, 2 for anxiety) is a basic type of nominal scaling (Cohen et al., 2021). The number is used to label but not to signify anything else.
Ordinal Scales
Ordinal scales order data based on a hierarchical structure. However, these scales...
For example, one way to use ordinal scales would be to rank people based on their
performance in a psychological test, where the rank indicates who performed better, but not by how much (Cohen et al., 2021).
Interval Scales
Interval scales tell the order of items as well as the exact differences between them. An example would be the Celsius temperature scale, where the difference between degrees is consistent. In psychological testing, interval scales can be used in...
…more precise and are thus chosen when exact measurements are needed. An example would be in psychological experiments where precise measurement of reaction times or physiological responses is needed; in such cases, ratio scales are appropriate (Cohen et al., 2021). On top of all this are practical considerations, such as the feasibility of scale implementation. Some scales might require more sophisticated administration and scoring procedures, which could be a limitation in certain settings (Cohen et al., 2021).
Conclusion
In conclusion, scaling is an important consideration in the development of psychological tests. Scales are a way for measuring and interpreting psychological attributes. The choice of scale typenominal, ordinal, interval, or ratiodepends on the construct's nature, the purpose of the measurement, the type of statistical analysis to be conducted, test reliability and validity, user interpretation, measurement precision, and practical constraints. These considerations will dictate the type of scale to use (Cohen et…
