Learning Activity: Key Understandings of Two Major Theories
According to White, Hayes, & Livesey (2016), Freudian theory was one of the most influential theories of human development upon subsequent child development theorists. Freud believed that three fundamental structures influenced personality development from birth: the id, ego, and superego. The id was what infants were born with, the pleasure-seeking principle that enabled the infant to direct his or her attention to what gave the infant satisfaction (first the mouth, later the anus). The ego enabled the infant to assess socially determined influences and standards that enable or prevent the infant to satisfy his or her pleasures. This is the reality principle. Finally, the superego or conscience balances the primitive desires of the id against the moral influences the superego has internalized.
Freud viewed sexuality as the main driver of human development, beginning with infancy. However, one of the negatives of Freuds theory is that it cannot be observed or tested. It also places an extremely strong emphasis on only one aspect of human... Later theorists, such as Albert Bandura, placed much greater emphasis on observable, versus internal behaviors, and also placed greater emphasis on later stages of childhood development, which were much easier for a researcher to test empirically. His theory of social modeling stressed that children modeled...
…and being praised by adults for excelling in sports, the child wants to emulate that specific behavior, to gain social approval. Freud might interpret this behavior solely as a way of appearing sexually attractive to the opposite sex.Ultimately, social learning theory seems to be more persuasive, from what I observe how children actually behave and learn. Freuds theories can seem very reductive, twisting explanations to attempt to view all behaviors as an expression of the aggressive, sexual id. Banduras theory allows for the fact that children and adults may want approval from others and moderate their behavior as a result, rather than just doing so because of an internalized superego…
Reference
White, F., Hayes, B., & Livesey, D. (2016). Developmental psychology: From infancy toadulthood (4th ed.). Pearson Education.
Childhood Development Factors Influencing Early Childhood Development Darling and Steinberg (1993) proposed a model of parenting that integrated several prior models. They discriminated between parenting practice and parenting style, with the former representing domain-specific parenting habits and the latter domain-independent social interactions between parent and child. A critical distinction between parenting practice and style, based on their model, is that style communicates to the child how the parent feels about the child
Childhood Development Cognitive behavioral analysis paper on child 2 years old Analyzing play situations: Applying Piaget's theories to toddlers The developmental psychologist Jean Piaget, "emphasized the importance of schemas in cognitive development, and described how they were developed or acquired. A schema can be defined as a set of linked mental representations of the world, which we use both to understand and to respond to situations. The assumption is that we store these
Early Childhood Development Research on the brain and early childhood development indicates that the first four years of life are a period of particularly rapid development of brain structures and function. According to Larissa Scott (2004) the potential of the brain can be enhanced by presenting the right experiences at the right times, in the right amounts. In the initial stages of life, children's brains can be compared to a sponge
Early Childhood Development Roles and Responsibilities of an Early Childhood Professional Early childhood professionals are often required to wear many hats, particularly because their job description changes almost on a daily basis. As a facilitator of learning, an early childhood professional acts as a guide. Usually, a guide is tasked with leading other people down new paths, and he does so by walking beside them, rather than in front of them (Child
The primary caregiver during the very early years of the child's life is the mother. Men play a fairly minor part in the early developmental years of the child. "In Malawi most men are traditionally distanced from their children; they rarely hold and play with them. (ibid) However this situation changes as the child grows up, and there is later more interaction between father and child. Overall, however, men are generally
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