Thiamine Metabolism
Thiamine is a water-soluble vitamin, Vitamin B1, and serves as a cofactor for enzymes with Mitochondrial localization. Since it is not endogenously synthesized, the available dietary sources of thiamine are beef, poultry, nuts, cereals, and nuts. It plays a critical function in oxidative and nonoxidative carbohydrate metabolism in the energy transformation process. Other functions of thiamine are the antioxidation effect on neurotrophins, which oppresses oxidative stress-induced activation that plays a critical role in activating the immune system, signaling and maintenance in cells, and cell uptake mechanisms.1 Intestinal enzyme phosphate Hydrolyzes thiamine into a free form absorbed in the small intestines. The Phosphorylated is stored in the heart, kidneys, brain, and liver. Thiamine has a half-life of 1 to 12 hours and can be stored in the body between 14 to 18 days. Consequently, regular dietary intake is necessary to avoid the development of a deficiency.
The recommended thiamine intake differs with age and gender but a standard intake of 1.2mg/day among men and 1.1mg/day for
Regular intake is imperative to maintain the correct thiamine levels in the body. The intestinal uptake of thiamine is regulated by a molecular mechanism that involves thiamine transporters-1 and -2, which are products of Solute Carrier Family 19 Member 2 (SLC19A2) and genes. SLC19A2 encodes thiamine transporter 1 (THTR1) across...…chloride channels with high conductance. As established, thiamine deficiency results in various disorders, such as Korsakoffs Syndrome, Alzheimers Disease (AD), diabetes mellites, depression, and Polyneuropathy, that affect cell physiology or cognitive functions.
Thiamine can be administered orally, intramuscularly, or intravenously. The administration is useful in treating congestive heart failure, Alzheimers disease, and cataracts. The administration of thiamine orally is not recommended since it is not adequate for symptomatic patients. Intravenous administration is considered the best option since the administration of 100mg thiamine for one to two weeks or until improvement or symptoms clear, eliminating risks associated with oral intake.2 Intramuscular supplementation with thiamine is considered for patients who do not have IV access during an…
