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The LDDI results were rated separately and were compared with an inter-rater reliability of.99. Results were categorized independently and were then categorizations in three areas were compared: positively identified, not identified, and questionable.
The LDDI is a survey instrument with six independent scales used to identify specific learning disabilities. These scales include: Listening, Reading, Writing, Mathematics, and Reasoning. Each scale has fifteen items associated with behaviors that typically indicate specific intrinsic processing disorders.
The teachers chose four students each, two LEP and two English, to complete the LDDI. None of the students were experiencing academic failure and none had been referred to special education. The LDDI was completed by each student, and the teacher raters completed demographic sheets for each student. External evaluators scored the LDDI tests.
To obtain results two statistical procedures were executed. First, independent t-tests indicated significant differences (at the.0001 level) between the two groups for all sub-tests of the LDDI, except for the writing subtest (.002 level...
Second, a Pearson Chi Square analysis examined the frequency of the number of students the LDDI identified as having difficulties with intrinsic processing. This indicated that LEP students were identified as having learning disorders almost twice as often as English-only students, with significance at the.05 level.
These significant results indicate that LEP students that were not learning disabled were more frequently identified by the LDDI as possibly having intrinsic processing disorders. Therefore, it may be concluded that characteristics exhibited by learners of English as a second language and characteristics of individuals with language disorders are very similar. Furthermore, use of the LDDI as a measure for determining intrinsic processing disorders in LEP students who are not learning disabled is inconclusive. There is a need for more appropriate assessment measures with this population. Limitations of this study included a relatively small sample size, and the fact that some of the students may have had undetected learning disabilities that had not been diagnosed as of yet.
Reference
Lock, R.H., Layton, C.A. (2002). Isolating intrinsic processing disorders from second language acquisition. Bilingual Research Journal,…
Reference
Lock, R.H., Layton, C.A. (2002). Isolating intrinsic processing disorders from second language acquisition. Bilingual Research Journal, 26, 213-24.
Phonetic reading methods are actually older than the whole language approach: "The traditional theory of learning established in the 19th century draws on the notion that children need to break down a complex skill, like reading, into its smallest components (letters) before moving on to tackle larger components (sounds, words, and sentences). Phonetic reading instruction applies this theory; children are taught to dissect unfamiliar words into parts and then join
(Echevarria, Short & Powers, 2006) References Arriaza, G. (1997). Grace under Pressure: Immigrant Families and the Nation-State. Social Justice, 24(2), 6+. Borko, H. (2004). Professional development and teacher learning: Mapping the terrain. Educational Researcher, 33, 3-15. California Department of Education, Educational Demographics Unit. (2004). Statewide Stanford 9 test results for reading: Number of students tested and percent scoring at or above the 50th percentile ranking (NPR). Retrieved January 5, 2007, at http://www.cde.ca.gov/dataquest/ Echevarria, J.,
For such crucial areas as writing instruction, the simple use of email can prove to render this effect. To the point, one article indicates to us that "writing in itself is often considered a process that involves four main stages i.e., planning, drafting, revising and editing. These four steps seem to be applicable for paper-based writing as well as for e-mail writing. They can be integrated to form the
children's story book subject teaching English picture books EFL I write carol moore story (Ollie's jar, kitty a box ) write's important story children learn drawing story color attractive children, writer means children's understand, disadvantage, children study English native, short texts. Carol Moore's story "Ollie's Jar" discusses with regard to an eel named Ollie that lives in a jar in the sea. While the story might seem pointless and uninteresting
population of ESL has grown in recent years. While the population has grown, they have continually underperformed when it came to ESL classes and exams. ESL teachers must be better prepared and educated to deal with the hurdles ESL students experience as they learn English. They must also learn to adopt new strategies that provide a better learning outcome. This research paper will feature articles and studies that highlight
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