Nurses in American Wars
What experiences did nurses have during the various wars the United States was involved with that shaped the development of their profession? Around the time of the American Revolution, up to the Civil War, nursing in the U.S. was similar to nursing in Europe; nurses were not in the forefront at that time, according to Angel Learning. The earliest workplace for the professional nurse in America was the hospital, including the Philadelphia Almshouse in 1731 and Bellevue Hospital in New York City in 1658.
Meanwhile, as to nurses and wars, there is no doubt that nursing was extremely important during the bloody Civil War, and women such as Dorothea Dix, Clara Barton, and others cared for the wounded -- even working on the front lines of battles. As a rule women were not seen as fit to serve in military engagements, and yet during WWI once again female nurses were on or near the front lines performing medical services such as cleaning gunshot wounds, performing minor surgeries, and even giving aid to wounded capture enemy soldiers. The Angel Learning information reflects the fact that nurses were very young (as young as 16 years) in WWI, and that many women volunteered to join the Voluntary Aid Detachment (VAD) and served with all military units.
But although through their bravery and competencies during WWI had a major impact on nursing, the war that shaped the nursing profession more than any other was WWII. The great needs for medical services in both theaters (Europe and the Pacific) of WWII gave impetus to the U.S. Army granting full officers' commissions to nurses -- in effect, legitimizing this profession in what had been hitherto a strictly male-dominated undertaking. Nurses were for the most part volunteers in WWI, but they were paid in WWII, and were provided free educations on their return home. Respect for nurses after and during WWII grew enormously, and their professionalism saved thousands of lives.
American School The idea of the culture wars is introduced here, and these culture wars begin to illustrate just how our continued dependence on the dominant Protestant Anglo-American culture has formed and influenced America's schools throughout out history. The chapter also introduces the concepts of racism and democracy, and demonstrates how these two opposite ideals often live together in our culture. The "culture wars" grew over the whites perceived "superiority"
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