Sign Up Now
Get instant access to over 1 million+ study documents
OR
Already registered? click here to login
By creating your account, you agree to our terms of service, privacy policy and student honor code.
, 2000, p. 686). Virtually all swine CAFOs must cope with a significant amount of waste materials on-site that have been linked with serious odors and contain antimicrobials, nutrients, organics, and pathogenic microbes (Cole et al., 2000). For instance, raw swine manure can contain as much as 100 million fecal coliform bacteria per gram (Crane, Moore & Gismer, 1983). Futhermore, it has been estimated that 100 million lions tons of feces and urine are produced annually by the 60 million hogs raised in the United States (Meadows, 1995). According to Cole et al. (2000), the detection of specific exposures and diseases in the communities surrounding swine CAFOs has presented a challenge for the industry and healthcare officials alike because of the additional complexities of environmental dispersion of agents and human exposure pathways. In addition, the susceptibility of community residents to contaminants and pathogens may be substantially different from that of the workers and the respective facilities involved.
Current and Future Trends. Today, the storage and treatment of the enormous levels of wastes generated in swine CAFOs is generally accomplished in wastewater lagoons. "Lagoons became popular for the storage and management of swine wastes as production facilities increased in size and efficient storage and treatment of wastes became necessary" (Cole et al., 2000, p. 687). Most, but not all, of such swine lagoons depend primarily on anaerobic bacteria (these are bacteria that do not require oxygen to remediate the waste) in order to decompose the organic matter since more organic matter per unit lagoon volume can be handled by anaerobic bacteria than by aerobic processes; in addition, anaerobic lagoons can be deeper, requiring less land area than...
However, the research also showed that there are some intelligent steps that the industry can take to help deal with these issues, including sound environmental health practices in the workplace and providing anaerobic lagoons to help remediate the large amount of biological wastes that are inevitably generated at such CAFOs.
References
Buttel, F.H. (1992). Environmentalism: Origins, Processes, and Implications for Rural Social Change. Rural Sociology, 57(1), 1-27.
Cole, D., Todd, L., & Wing, S. (2000). Concentrated Swine Feeding Operations and Public Health: A Review of Occupational and Community Health Effects. Environmental Health Perspectives, 108(8), 685.
Crane, S.R., Moore, J. a, Grismer, M.E., & Miner J.R. (1983). Bacterial pollution from agricultural sources: a review. Trans ASAE 26:858 -- 866 in Cole, Todd & Wing (2000), p. 687.
Edward, B. & Ladd, a.E. (2002). Corporate Swine and Capitalist Pigs: A Decade of Environmental Injustice and Protest in North Carolina. Social Justice, 29(3), 26.
Dead Zones: Causes and Effects Dead zones are areas that can no longer sustain life. Usually referring to oceanic dead zones, the term could just as well apply to agricultural dead zones. The dead zones that impact the food supplies in North America include the Gulf of Mexico’s dead zone, which is the largest ever measured (NOAA, 2017). The causes of dead zones include pollutants like nitrogen and phosphorous from industrial
Factory Farming, Morality, And Vegetarianism Among the shocking facts linked to the issue of factory farming -- in addition to the appalling practice of cattle jammed into feed lots "…shoulder to shoulder knee deep in their own excrement" -- is that every second of every day an estimated 650 animals are slaughtered (Henning, 2011). Moreover, Henning reports that more than 56 billion animals are slaughtered annually and while this global blood-letting
Introduction The term, factory farming, is one which is used to represent intensively mechanized systems specifically aimed at raising and managing huge livestock numbers which are commonly in their several thousands. The system managers commonly breed these livestock in confinement in order to manage and care for them more easily. It is very common for them to breed poultry and castrated male pigs (hogs) in the same building and to prevent
Omnivore's Dilemma The research question to be approached in this paper: Is there a link between morality and vegetarianism? The answer is: Yes there is a link between ethics and moral values when it comes to substituting healthy vegetables for meat raised in hideously unclean, unhealthy, inhumane conditions. Thesis: More Americans are turning away from red meat because of the appalling conditions under which cattle are raised and slaughtered on factory
Pollution: Causes and Impact Environmental pollution is a serious threat that jeopardizes both plant and animal survival on the planet. Water and atmospheric pollution become more of a danger each passing year as the population explodes and the resources of the planet become more difficult to access. Emerging societies are also demanding the same types of luxuries and materials that the Western world has convinced them that are the symbols of
Human and societal benefits and costs of pig farming. Most are not aware that intensive pig farming really has turned into an agricultural industry that basically operating by raising live pigs for slaughtering after that it is made into pork for humans to eat. Piggeries, as the business is recognized by, is serving as a vital food source in the a lot of countries, like America which has the largest earning