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Income Inequality and Education
A Human Capital Inequality and the Composition of Education Expenditure Although subsidizing lower-level education could substantially benefit the poor, those who could benefit the most from education are denied this 'leg up' into the middle or upper classes.
Hwang, Jinyoung. (2011). A cross-country analysis of human capital inequality and the composition of education expenditure. European Journal of Social Sciences, 24 (1):
According to Hwang (2011), it has been observed in previous literature that substantially inequitable societies in terms of income distribution tend to spend more on tertiary education (university-level education) than lower-level education. "Wealth distribution is a plausible explanation for the distributional bias of government expenditure on education, as long as the distribution of wealth determines the existence and number of organized group[s] in an economy" (Hwang 2011: 97). This discrepancy could be explained by the fact that the rich tend to send their children to private schools not subsidized by the state for lower-level education, or to better-funded, locally funded secondary institutions and thus only need substantial federal support for education at the tertiary level. The wealthier and more powerful members of
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Hwang's hypothesis was that "countries with greater wealth inequalities occasionally expand more resources on tertiary education than on primary or secondary education" (Hwang 2011: 97). Hwang focused on inequities in distribution of wealth, versus distribution of land and other resources, in contrast to previous studies. To prove this thesis, 81 countries over five-year intervals from 1975 to 2000 were assessed in terms of their expenditures on education in terms of spending on tertiary education vs. other types of education as a percentage of GDP per capita, using regression analysis (Hwang 2011: 97-98). Hwang did not differentiate the countries according to 'types' other than wealth distribution. The…
mixed research solution to help explain just why there are so many black males in special education. The researcher supported the research questions by utilizing article, journals, observational researches, and statistical data to greatly assisted in demonstrating the final resulst of the study. The articles and journals can give a reason of the quantitative variables - for example learning styles, referral process; I.Q. testing, cultural diversity, insufficient early intervention
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The labor productivity rates are expected to maintain their ascendant trend throughout the next period. The increases in productivity can be explained through the combined actions of three forces: improved quality of the labor and superior performances of the human resource increased quantities of organizational capitals higher efficiency of the labor process, including such forces as technological developments, socio-cultural changes, the creation of scale economies or the reallocation of labor Cyclic Changes
Negative Impact of Post Apertheid on South Africa Economy Negative impact of post apartheid on South Africa economy Apartheid, which refers to separateness in Afrikaans, is a policy of racial segregation that was operating in South Africa from early 1948 to late 1990s. The policy required the separation of South African people based on their colors. The law classified the people into whites, Indians and blacks. The policy specifically prevented non-white people
This is stated to be because "whites devoted a greater share of their income to saving, but racial differences in savings rates are not significant" after controlling for income.. Yet, there would have been at least a narrowing in the savings gap between whites and African-Americans, had African-Americans been as "devoted to saving..." As were whites during the same period. Stated by Gittleman and Wolff as the primary source
As a result, economic development was redefined in terms of reduction or elimination of poverty, inequality, and unemployment within the perspective of a growing economy (Mamede & Davidsson, 2003). Research indicates that entreprenuership can be both the cause and effect of economic development in the sense of wealth distribution. Countries in which wealth is concentrated in the hands of a small fraction of the population face greater difficulties in coordinating