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¶ … Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act (IDEA) of 2004 and the No Child Left Behind Act of 2002 (NCLB) "require that students with disabilities have equal access to general education curricula and contexts," (Simon & Black, 2011, p.160). These two laws provide the fundamental backbone of inclusive education. However, educators need support in order to comply with these two federal regulations. The Differentiated Accountability Program (DAP) serves that function. As a federal program, DAP is "designed to support educators in meeting IDEA and NCLB requirements," regardless of state differentiation (Simon & Black, 2011, p. 160). DAP is, however, "designed to afford states flexibility in aligning improvement efforts with individual schools' specific needs according to each school's AYP status, requires schools in needs improvement status (SINI)," (Simon & Black, 2011, p. 160). Specific components of DAP may include professional development programs designed to help educators upgrade their skills related to teaching students with disabilities or designing more effective individualized education plans or global school improvement plans (SIPs). Likewise, DAP promotes curriculum and instructional needs so that schools and educators become more equipped to comply fully with the components of IDEA and NCLB.
In this research, Simon & Black (2011) used an experimental design to evaluate the School Improvement Plans (SIPs) from the seven largest...
The goal of the study was to "find evidence of schools participating in the DAP for meeting the needs of students with disabilities," (Simon & Black, 2011, p. 160). Samples only included elementary schools. The authors explain their sampling techniques and also provide ample background information about the state of Florida's approach to the DAP. In Florida, the DAP is "designed to focus efforts to reduce achievement gaps between students in accountability subgroups through more distinctive forms of intervention that consider individual schools' and/or districts' needs," (Simon & Black, 2011, p. 161). Instead of being localized or district-based, the interventions and standards are deemed "global and transformative," (Simon & Black, 2011, p. 161). Moreover, Florida's diverse population and "the state's history of accountability reform, diversity, and performance of its identified subgroups" made it a pilot site for DAP itself (Simon & Black, 2011, p. 161).
Schools in Florida are classified according to a set of parameters ranging from the past SINI status and the "grade" given to the school according to student performance outcomes. Tabulating variables results in five possible categories that indicate the type and severity of interventions indicated for that school. There are five SINI categories in Florida, and schools from only one of those categories were included in the current research: that is, SINI Correct I. The authors should have better explained the classification matrix, as it has a direct bearing on the sample population chosen for the research. Therefore, understanding why Simon & Black…
References
Ethics Extra! Newsletter (2008). Retrieved online: http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=SINI+Correct+I&source=web&cd=1&ved=0CCMQFjAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fethicallc.com%2Fyahoo_site_admin%2Fassets%2Fdocs%2FEthica_Extra_6.132112300.doc&ei=xLZ9T63pNISw8ATe1tGLDQ&usg=AFQjCNG0SPsmdpjSbsdReNiTFpnq7CBC6g
Florida Department of Education's Bureau of School Improvement (2006). Differentiated accountability. Retrieved online: http://www.flbsi.org/assistplus/index.htm
Simon, M. & Black, W.R. (2011). Differentiated accountability policy and school improvement plans: A look at professional development and inclusive practices for exceptional students. International Journal of Special Education 26(2).
Inclusion of Disabilities in the Classroom During the later years of the 20th century and the start of the new millennium, it has become abundantly clear that we are living in an increasingly diverse world. Indeed, the diversity of the world has increased not only in terms of race and nationality, but also in terms of ability and aptitude. So recognized have these differences become that that accommodations have been made
It would not only be time consuming and expensive for each classroom teacher to develop an effective basic reading skills curriculum but such a curriculum is also fraught with a high degree of error. There is compelling evidence that supports the use of scripted programs rather than teacher-developed approaches to teach complex skills (Benner, 2005). Second, apply positive behavioral supports to manage the behaviors of students with behavioral difficulties during
Free and Appropriate Public Education (FAPE) Violations as they Pertain to the Case of Sonya An educational institution's principal greatly influences the learning/teaching of every student within the school, for better or for worse. Studies have found that principals' approach to their post, and its eventual effect on enrolled pupils, is dependent upon their style of leadership. Some styles prove to have more benefits for pupils than others. An especially vulnerable
Discipline with Dignity Cardsmax The goal of the current research is not to conduct a thorough examination or make any inferences about the quality of research in the area of behavioral interventions and classroom management plans for students, but to present a broad stroke assessment of where we are as a field. Articles were culled from peer-reviewed journals and identified using electronic database systems, including Google Scholar, Eric, and Psychlnfo, as
CRISS- Annotated Bibliography Annotated Bibliography Jitendra, A.K. (April 2011). Reading Comprehension Instruction for Students with Learning Disabilities. Focus on Exceptional Children, Vol. 43 Issue 8, p1-16, 16p. Students with learning disabilities require unique strategies for accessing knowledge. The article addresses text enhancement strategies available to teachers such as graphic organizers, story maps, mnemonic illustrators, story guides and computer aided instruction. Assistance in main idea development, questioning, and summarization can also help students. Guidance
Burlington School Comm. V. Mass. Dept. Of Ed. (1985) Compensation for learners with extraordinary requirements that is not provided in the states education laws bring costs to parents and the laws do not provide for compensation of this. Termed 'compensatory education' courts have exercised their jurisdiction in awarding costs to claimants and the courts have been relying on sec.20 USC 1415(2) (B) (ii) for students. The Burlington School Committee V Massachusetts