Team Conflict Development and Team Dynamics Organizational tasks are becoming increasingly complex and more involved; teams have become valuable for easier and more effective accomplishment of tasks (Chekwa & Thomas, 2013). Teamwork has turned out to be a crucial driver of organizational productivity in the contemporary workplace (Breugst et al., 2012; Martinez-Moreno et al., 2015; Lee et al., 2015); this to a large extent explains why employers are ever more looking for individuals with outstanding teamwork abilities. Nonetheless, owing to differences in needs, objectives, opinions, interests, priorities, values, and beliefs between different members of a team, conflicts are bound to emerge often (Brown et al., 2011). Lack of proper handling of the conflicts, individual and team productivity can be significantly hampered (Fusch & Fusch, 2015). This paper provides of review of literature relating to conflict management in teams. The review particularly pays attention to team development and dynamics, team conflict and conflict resolution, the role of the team leader in resolving team conflicts, as well as the importance of developing an ethical and diverse culture within the team setting.

Team Development

Team development essentially denotes the process of mobilizing a group of people and motivating them to achieve a defined goal or objective (Raes et al., 2015). Accomplishing tasks in teams has become important due to the associated advantages: greater synergy, quicker and more effective execution of tasks, better problem-solving, increased morale for work, as well as improved organizational productivity (Chekwa & Thomas, 2013; Jiang et al., 2014). Towards achieving developmental goals, however, the right fundamentals must be put in place. These fundamentals include: effective selection of team members, clear communication of team goals and objectives, proper allocation of tasks and responsibilities, continuous training and learning, and effective leadership and conflict management (Chekwa & Thomas, 2013; Raes et al., 2015). Successful team development also calls for effective motivation of team members via both financial and non-financial techniques, an atmosphere of inclusive and participatory decision-making, as well as...

These processes occur across the various stages of team development, which include forming, storming, norming and performing (Raes et al., 2015).
Team Conflict, Conflict Resolution, and Dynamics

Whereas the significance of teamwork cannot be overemphasized, conflicts are usually inevitable (Brown et al., 2011). According to Fusch & Fusch (2015), team conflict in the workplace has been on the rise due to the increasingly complex nature of work structures and relationships. The structures and relationships have become more sophisticated, intense, and unfortunately, fractured; thereby placing greater demands on workers. three sources from which team conflicts can mainly emerge are task, relationship, and process (Fusch & Fusch, 2015). Task conflicts are conflicts which arise from the objectives and content of the task at hand (Canelon et al., 2015). For instance, a task may be characterized by immense pressure and interdependence (Lee et al., 2015). Process conflicts originate from the manner in which the task is accomplished (Canelon et al., 2015). For instance, different team members may have different opinions about how to go about a certain task. Inadequate understanding of each other's responsibility and scope of work can also lead to conflict (Brown et al., 2011). Relationship conflicts, also known as interpersonal conflicts, are conflicts between individuals (Canelon et al., 2015). This may be due to differences in personality, values, and cultural background (Eiser & Eiser, 2016).

Though research in this area has reported mixed results, conflict between team members can be costly both at the individual and organizational levels, particularly in terms of creating dissatisfaction with work, increasing absenteeism, as well as hampering individual performance and organizational productivity (Breugst et al., 2012; Martinez-Moreno et al., 2015; Canelon et al., 2015; Lee et al., 2015). These negative outcomes often emanate from the interpersonal aggression, hostility, threats, and sabotage created by conflict (Fusch & Fusch, 2015). Nonetheless, conflict may not necessarily be bad or negative (Miller, Balapuria & Sasay, 2015). For instance, differences in opinions about how to execute a given task may result in the evaluation of different perspectives, ultimately leading to the choice of the most appropriate course of action.

Whether a necessary evil or not, team conflicts must be properly and effectively handled whenever they arise. The five major approaches for resolving team conflict include: competing (prioritizing one's interests over others); collaborating (working together to find a mutually beneficial solution); avoiding (ignoring the conflict);…