NIMS and ICS Components

The National Incident Management System (NIMS) had been established following a consistent approach for federal, state, local governments, and private industries to respond to emergency incidents. The utility of the NIMS coordinated approach to the management of the crisis is the effective and efficient system that provides a systematic, proactive approach to guide all the governmental and non-governmental departments and agencies. The Incident Command System (ICS) is defined as a framework applied for the organization and direction of the on-site technical approach to managing a particular or series of events. The framework facilitates the seamless execution of activities with the proper definition of communication and decision-making protocol during an incidence. Crisis management requires reliance on the disaster response that communication follows the four emergency management phases, including mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery, which are inherently implemented in these incident management frameworks.

Importance of NIMS and ICS

NIMS

The NMIS is a nationwide, comprehensive, and systematic approach to incident management that relies on a set of preparedness concepts and principles for all hazards. The main goal is to protect against, prevent, respond to, recover from, and mitigate the impact of incidents on the welfare of Americans. The core principles of the NMIS focus on developing a centralized operating and interoperability approach of communications and information management (Burgiel, 2019). The standardized resource management procedures for coordination among different jurisdictions ensure a standard mechanism for the systematic management of resources, such as personnel, equipment, facilities, supplies, and teams.

This approach ensures all the involved parties are strategically prepared to respond to incidents by preparing all the necessary resources and mechanisms to either mitigate, respond, or recover from a crisis. Therefore, the NMIS framework establishes a structure that proactively aims to prevent, prepare, respond, and recover from crisis incidents across governmental and non-governmental institutions (FEMA,...

Facilitation of collaboration of government and non-governmental agencies identifies the role and responsibilities of different stakeholders to address the difficulties of the crisis. Notably, the four phases of emergency management make it possible for the corporation to address the difficulties related to creating a common goal to address these resources.

ICS

The ICS consists of a standardized procedure and management hierarchy for controlling resources and communication for the management of crises of different magnitude. Notably, the framework applies to on-site management of incidents and determining the suitable tactical approach to managing a crisis. The ICS is implemented within the NIMS framework and is implemented across different levels of government. The ICS provides a...

…These measures complement the response stage of emergency management and incident response.

Multiagency Coordination Groups (MAC-Group) is structured under NIMS command and coordination structures to provide off-site support for ICS and EOC through strategic guidance and scalable resource allocation. The MAC Group comprises agency administrators or senior executives affected by the resources dedicated to an incident. These groups also involve non-governmental representatives. This group is limited in its influence on the command protocol. However, the MAC-Group acts as a policy-level body, support, resource planning, and allocation for cooperative multi-agency decisions among the representatives of different agencies to enhance collaboration (FEMA, 2017). The establishment of a Joint Information System (JIS) integrates incident information accurate public affairs to provide consistent, coordinated, timely, accessible, and comprehensive information to the public and stakeholders during incident

operations. These two components facilitate the emergency management cycle's preparedness,

Presidential Disaster Declarations

After a disaster declaration by the president, HSPD-5 calls for a national incident management system and the necessary steps for improved coordination across all government and private industry response to the incident and define how these agencies will prepare for the response (FEMA, 2017). Consistent application of NIMS defines efficient and effective responses from the involvement of a single agency, multijurisdictional, response to a multi-agency, natural disaster, or…