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We all know that this works for some students, but not for others. Some students need to hear the message and respond socially to it in order to learn the material. Classroom learning is not only about learning that 2 X 4 is 8, but being able to take that knowledge out of the context in which it was learned and to be able to apply it in a real world situation. This is where the multi-media approach to learning comes into play.
We now know that emotions can have a significant affect on the ability to recall information on a test (Gaigg & Bowler, 2008). This supports the role of the media and the emotions surrounding the learner at the time the material is presented as an important element in the learning process. The importance of social context has gained support over the past several years and it is now accepted that the role of the teacher is to provide a stimulating atmosphere and to present the material in different formats, using a number of media that are available in order to increase learning potential in all students. Recognition of the need to present the material in different formats lends support to Kozma's argument that context and the media form are an essential part of the learning process.
If one takes the growing number of media that is available to the teacher and their ability to use it to reach different learners, it would appear that Clark's argument is losing ground to Kozma's. Research since the argument began addresses the individual differences in memory, recall, and thought processing. We now know that we all do not learn the same. Some learn better by hearing the information. Some learn better by...
Teachers are now encouraged to use multiple media forms in their message plans. This demonstrates a definitive divergence from Clark's suppositions and supports the many opportunities that emerging media forms create in the classroom.
References
Clark, R.E. (1983). Reconsidering research on learning from media. Review of Educational Research, 53(4), 445-459.
Dewan, S. & Dewan, D. (2010). Distance Education Teacher as a Leader: Learning from the Path Goal Leadership Theory. Journal of Online Learning and Teaching. 6 (3): 673-685.
Gaigg, S. & Bowler, D. (2008). Free recall and forgetting of emotionally arousing words in autism spectrum disorder. Neuropsychologia. 46(9):2336-43.
Kozma, R.B. (1994). Will media influencing learning? Reframing the debate. Educational Technology, Research, & Development, 42(2), 7-19.
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While Lauer and Yodanis (2008) point out that the weblog has many applications, such as a journal or other means or personal use, they state that it can be used as a tool for students to collaborate with each other and share their learning, in addition to a tool for research where students can record their notes, thoughts, and links to more source material. Furthermore, the authors suggest that
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