¶ … classical era, the ideal for higher education was to create a well-rounded individual. A complete education required in-depth knowledge of classical poetry, mathematics, and philosophy. Today, education is more specialized and more technical. It is also more bureaucratic in nature. There are a much larger array of universities available to individuals of a variety of economic means than there was in the 19th century. Also, the education students receive is more likely to be received in a public context, versus a private school or tutoring. Education within institutions is more standardized in nature in terms of the majors students select and the courses they take. The purpose of education has also become more career-oriented. While in the 19th century, British and American institutions often effectively functioned as finishing schools for the elite, today the emphasis is on career preparation. With that emphasis and the growing cost of higher education (particularly in America), there has been a great deal of angst that the purpose of a humanities-based, liberal arts education is being devalued. "As universities are beaten into the shapes dictated by business, so language is suborned to its ends" (Warner 2015: 19). Yet the high levels of student debt...

"We say higher education is for various goals -- critical thinking, or cultural tradition, or citizenship, or job preparation -- but if people finish college with serious debt, then it has effects far different from those advertised" (Golden 2014). These are concerns as students of less secure economic means are increasingly willing to take on debt because they believe a four-year college degree (or graduate school) is the only way to secure a middle-class lifestyle.