Introduction

Homelessness in urban areas, particularly among children, is a significant issue facing major U.S. cities. As reported in the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Developments annual homeless assessment report (2020), there were approximately 570,000 people experiencing homelessness on a single night in January 2019 in the United States. Furthermore, homelessness has recently increased nationwide, although the temporal changes in homeless rates exhibit considerable sub-national variations. For example, while homelessness has increased dramatically in cities like Los Angeles and San Francisco, known for their long-standing high rates of homelessness, cities such as Chicago have seen a general decrease in homelessness during the same period (Knowles 2019).

Research has extensively investigated the geography of homelessness. Still, most have examined the distribution of homeless populations at a large geographic level due to limited finer-grained spatial data on the locations of homeless populations (Parkinson et al. 2019). Homelessness is a spatially concentrated phenomenon within a city or a metropolitan area, but our understanding of the factors determining this pattern remains limited. Additionally, little is known about the temporal changes in the patterns of homelessness at a finer geographic level, particularly at the neighborhood level. Given the potential social, economic, and public health effects of homelessness on neighborhoods, understanding the locations where homeless populations grow or decline and the factors influencing these changes is essential. This knowledge is critical to inform policy decisions on providing supportive services and implementing homelessness prevention programs (Shin, 2021).

Urban homelessness has long served to indicate the current socio-spatial order and its change. Rising homelessness has accompanied industrialization, urban revitalization, and economic crises. Ethnographic accounts of the everydayness of homeless people depicted the socio-spatial mechanisms of these societal transformations and their effects on urban life, particularly in Western metropolises, where homelessness was first studied at the beginning of the twentieth century. Since then, ethnographic research has explored homeless peoples strategies for coping with the disadvantaging socio-spatial order or the impacts of urban renewal and deindustrialization. In recent decades, ethnographic studies have highlighted the imprints of neoliberal policies on urban landscapes, public space politics, and patterns of displacement and resistance from the perspective of homeless people (Clarke & Parsell, 2019).

Ethnographic research has also revealed various ways and tools of homemaking, informal citizenship, or other forms of political agency related to housing precarity (McCarthy, 2020).

Homelessness is a symptom of global and systemic changes (Giles, 2017, p. 332), with different stories from various cities interrelated and affected by the same changes in the global economy. However, the geographical scope of places from which academic knowledge about homelessness has emerged is still relatively limited. Cities in the Global North and the West are mostly covered, with testimonials from American cities often serving as a reference for conceptualizing homelessness and policies that address it in different contexts (Feren?uhov and Vat, 2021).

Community engagement activity

Homelessness in urban areas, particularly among children, is a pressing issue that requires attention. However, conducting research with disadvantaged populations can be challenging due to social instability and acute health challenges that may hinder participation. This is evident in a study conducted by Cambell et al. (2021), where half of the participants faced acute health challenges that prevented their participation, and frequent changes in residence and telephone numbers occurred during the study period. The authors suggest that additional support resources and specific training in trauma-based care could have helped address the potential emotional and stress-related challenges faced by the participants.

In addition to the challenges disadvantaged populations face, there are other obstacles to conducting community-based participatory research...…carefully considered when using participatory approaches to address homelessness and related issues.

Advisory Board

Homelessness in urban areas, particularly among children, is a complex issue that requires a collaborative approach. Establishing and maintaining a Community Advisory Board (CAB) could be a powerful mechanism for building partnerships between academic institutions and the community to address this issue. CABs can provide a focus for research efforts and a means of building capacity in the community and the academic institution. However, creating and sustaining a CAB is a time- and labor-intensive process that requires careful consideration of the desired functions of the CAB. Sharing successes and challenges in forming, operating, and maintaining effective CABs promotes ongoing learning and provides a frame of reference for continuing action and research on the best processes in community-based participatory research (Newman et al., 2011). By establishing a CAB focused on homelessness in urban areas, stakeholders can work collaboratively to identify and prioritize research questions and solutions relevant to the community.

Story Circles

One potential way to address the issue of homelessness is through story circles. Story circles are a community-based participatory approach that can be used to engage individuals facing or facing homelessness and other stakeholders. Participants share their stories and experiences related to homelessness in story circles, providing valuable insights into the issue. Hamada (2021) described a story circle that attracted a range of participants, including people experiencing homelessness, those who had escaped it and were now helping others, landlords, charity workers, and a councilor who had previously experienced homelessness herself. The stories shared in the circle were poignant and eye-opening, providing important insights into the issue of homelessness. Using story circles and other community-based participatory approaches, it may be possible to understand the issue of homelessness better and work collaboratively to…