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Carol Gilligan's discussion of the differences in the development of moral conception between males and females in the book "In a different voice" brought into fore how society influences the way in which females are continually constrained into formulating moral decisions by themselves only. Explicating further on this point, Gilligan used the issue of abortion as an example wherein questions of a woman's morality is questioned by the society, thereby constraining them to make decisions on whether or not to subsist to abortion based on their own decision alone. What prevails in society, the article argues, is that women should base their moral decisions not only from their own judgment and reflection, but they must also take into consideration the viewpoint of their society as well (regarding the issue). What occurs is the emergence of a double standard, wherein females face the challenge of reconciling "compassion and autonomy" and "virtue and power." The self and the other, as what Gilligan referred to the two individualities that develop within a woman in the process of moral conception, is now in conflict, and the female individual cannot just take for granted one self over the other: both are essential in her development as an individual. Subsistence to one "self" results to marginalization. If she chooses to decide for herself alone, she is empowered yet considered morally wrong by her society; if she decides based on what society tells her, she gave up her power to decide as an individual. Indeed, this dilemma addressed by Gilligan is expressed effectively in the essay, wherein she argued, "[t]he moral imperative that emerges repeatedly in ... women is an injunction to care ... For men, the moral imperative appears rather ... To protect from interference the rights to life and self-fulfillment. Women's insistence on care is at first self-critical rather than self-protective ... " Thus, females' moral conception is more difficult and conflicting in nature than males', a reality that needs to be addressed in the society in order to emancipate women from the bonds that continually repress them from fully realizing their fulfillment as individuals.
Carol Gilligan - Ethics of Care The central theme to Carol Gilligan's argument is that while women more often focus on care, men focus more on justice. The "care orientation," according to Gilligan, focuses on emotional relationships of attachment. Gilligan suggests that "humans who think in terms of the care orientation define themselves in terms of a system of relationships, connections, loyalties and circles of concern." (University of Reading Website) The author
" How many people are homeless? The number of homeless is difficult to ascertain because estimates vary depending on the methodology used. Numbers also vary substantially depending on whether a measurement is taken on a single night or is extrapolated to a given year. One approximation of the annual number of homeless in America is from a study done by the National Law Center on Homelessness and Poverty, which estimates between 2.3 and
The transition from pre-conventional to conventional moral development is changing one's view from selfishness to responsibility for others. The transition from conventional to post conventional development is from goodness to truth that "they are people, too." Gilligan's theory supports that there is more than one dimension to moral reasoning, whereas Kohlberg's theory is focused on a male-centered view. 7. An individual employing problem-focused coping strategies will target the cause of their
Nursing Ethical Theories Ethical Theories in Nursing Significance of Moral in Nursing Deontology vs. Utilitarianism Deontology Utilitarianism Justice Ethics vs. Care Ethics Justice Ethics Care Ethics Rights Ethics Conflict of Rights Ethical Theories in Nursing Moral philosophy has moved from addressing Plato's question of what makes the good person, to Kant's query as to the right thing to do, to Buber's concern with relationship. Whether referring to business ethics' interest in relationships between corporations and consumers; legal ethics' focus on relationships among
Instead of the author's context it is the reader's context that is examined from the feminist perspective […] It is not the intention of this paper to enter into an extensive discussion on the theoretical validity of these different viewpoints. Suffice to say that it is the less extreme and more open -- ended and integrative form of feminist critique that is considered to be the most appropriate theoretical trajectory
Sensibility Women's Identities Are Determined and Limited by the Expectations of Their Societies Literature written by and about women lends itself very well to feminist interpretative approaches of various kinds. Such approaches often examine the literature of earlier centuries for signs of discontent with or subversive suggestions against aspects of a society in which men have exclusive control of power. Such an approach is especially fruitful to use when examining