Business Ethics and Business

¶ … Graduate Studies Books The proper end reference for the book is a follows: Sims, R. R. (2002). Teaching Business Ethics for Effective Learning. N.p.: Greenwood Publishing Group. The title of Chapter 8 is as follows: "Practical Approaches to Teaching Business Ethics." (Sims, 2002 p 139). The direct in-text quotation using APA style is as follows: "Agreement on the goals of teaching business ethics by the key stakeholders and good intentions do not work all by themselves." (Sims, 2002 p 33).

Paraphrase Sims (2002) argues that an increase of interest in teaching business ethics among faculty members facilitates a debate about whom to choose from the teaching staff to teach the topic. The debate arises because many faculty members do not have a formal training in ethics making the faculty assume the responsibility of taking up the formal training for the chosen faculty member.

A major bone of contention is that many lecturers in the philosophy department who teach ethics do not have a teaching experience in the business topic and background in business to convince students. 2a. Proper APA Style to end reference of the book is as follows Moon, C., Bonny, C., & Bloom, S. (2001). Business Ethics: Facing up to the Issues. N.p.: Economist Books. 2b. Title of Chapter 8 is as follows; "New ethical frontiers in emerging markets" (Moon, Bonny, & Bloom, 2001 p 117). 2c.

In-text direct quotation is as follows: "These forces are reshaping the ways companies manage their relationships in different local, national, and international contexts with individuals and with other organizations." (Moon, Bonny, & Bloom, S. 2001, p 7). 2d. Paraphrase In the contemporary business environment, business leaders are being squeezed with different types of pressures. First, they are being pressured to demonstrate their entrepreneurial flairs showing the ability to exploit the commercial opportunities being offered by the globalization, technology, as well as the knowledge economy.

Moreover, the leaders are being asked to respond to growing demands from NGOs (non-governmental organizations) and customers' demand for greater social responsibility and accountability. (Moon, Bonny, & Bloom, S. 2001). PART B: Journal Articles 1a. Proper end reference is as follows: Kaptein, M. (2011). From Inaction to External Whistleblowing: The Influence of the Ethical Culture of Organizations on Employee Responses to Observed Wrongdoing. Journal of Business Ethics, 98(3), 513-530. 1b. Direct quotation of the first sentence in the first paragraph.

"Research shows that the motives for internal and external whistleblowers are not purely altruistic, but mixed." (Kaptein, 2011 p 515). 1c. Journal as scholarly one The journal article is a scholarly one based on the following criteria: First the author is the Professor of Ethics at RSM Erasmus University. The author has also published several scholarly journal articles in the management of ethics. Moreover, the article is a peer-reviewed making it qualify as a scholarly article.

Typically, articles published in a peer-reviewed journal are the articles written by experts, and they are reviewed by other experts in the field before being published. A quality of a peer-reviewed article is guaranteed after it is being published. The article also follows the appropriate methodology of the scholarly article. Kaptein, (2011) provides the abstract of the article revealing the overall summary of the research paper.

Moreover, the author provides a background of the research exploring the cause of the corporate scandals in the United States and wrong doings of the business executives in the business world. Moreover, the author formulates the following hypotheses: Hypothesis 1: "Regarding the response of employees who observe wrongdoing, the cultural dimension of clarity is positively related to confrontation, reporting to management, and calling a hotline, negatively related to inaction, and unrelated to external whistleblowing." (Kaptein, 2011, p 516).

Hypothesis 2: "Regarding the response of employees who observe wrongdoing, the cultural dimension of congruency of local management is positively related to confrontation and reporting to management, negatively related to calling a hotline and external whistleblowing, and unrelated to inaction." (Kaptein, 2011, p 517). Hypothesis 3: "Regarding the response of employees who observe wrongdoing, the cultural dimension of congruency of senior management is positively related to confrontation, reporting to management and calling a hotline, negatively related to external whistleblowing, and unrelated to inaction." (Kaptein, 2011, p 518).

The author collects data through a quantitative technique using survey method to test the hypotheses. The Likert Scale technique is used to collect data. Moreover, the study uses the quantitative method to analyze data using the descriptive statistics to summarize the data in a manageable form. The results are provided for all variables used in the article. The author also provides a discussion using the scholarly article to support his opinion. Finally, the researcher uses the APA citation format to cite all the references used for the research. 2a.

Proper end reference fir the journal article is as follows: Phil, H. (2009). Public Affairs, Good business Ethics and Values in Dark Times. Journal of public affairs, 9(2), 83-85. 2b. Direct quotation of the second sentence is as follows; "As public affairs practitioners tread their way through uncertain times, both economically and consequently, politically, there does seem to be a number of fundamental laws which are holding fast and are being proven to be as reliable as they were in the past." (Phil, 2009 p 83). 2c.

Not a scholarly one The journal article is not a scholarly article based on the following criteria. First, the article is not a peer-reviewed. Another shortcoming of this article that makes not qualify to be a scholarly journal article is that the author does not provide references at the end of the article. Moreover, the author does not provide the methodology used to prepare to complete the article.

Despite the shortcoming of the article, it is able to enhance a greater understanding of the academic community about the good business ethics during the dark times. The article is written by a Professor of Public Affairs, nevertheless, the article is not scholarly one. Phil (2009) is an executive director of University of Chester. The Business Research Institute in the University Chester is committed to developing the research excellence and innovation ranging from public affairs, leadership, business, social care and social sciences.

Established in 2014, the Business Research Institute has published several scholarly articles in the Journal of Public Affairs. Apart from being the head of the Business Research Institute, Phil (2009) has a PHD in Public Affairs from Manchester Metropolitan University. Phil (2009) argues that organizations are required to integrated the business ethics in the contemporary business model because the effectiveness of financial markets and policymaking are built on consistency of quality rules and trust.

The author argues that a good governance is an effective way to avoid manipulation and patronage in the business environment. Despite enhancing a greater understanding of the ethical business problems, Phil (2009) does not review the scholarly literature about the democratization of institutions. Many of the concepts are discussed from the author's personal opinions The author argues that the concept of democracy has been drawn from the practicing of the American democratic practice where the country has elected Obama, a son of African immigrant as the first Afro-American president.

Phil (2009) points out that a relationship of the government with the non-state actors has been the major strategy to formulate an economic stability. 2a. Edwards. O., & Luca, S. (2014). Teaching Business Ethics Through Popular Feature.