¶ … Graduate Studies Books

The proper end reference for the book is a follows:

Sims, R. R. (2002). Teaching Business Ethics for Effective Learning. N.p.: Greenwood Publishing Group.

The title of Chapter 8 is as follows:

"Practical Approaches to Teaching Business Ethics."

(Sims, 2002 p 139).

The direct in-text quotation using APA style is as follows:

"Agreement on the goals of teaching business ethics by the key stakeholders and good intentions do not work all by themselves." (Sims, 2002 p 33).

Paraphrase

Sims (2002) argues that an increase of interest in teaching business ethics among faculty members facilitates a debate about whom to choose from the teaching staff to teach the topic. The debate arises because many faculty members do not have a formal training in ethics making the faculty assume the responsibility of taking up the formal training for the chosen faculty member. A major bone of contention is that many lecturers in the philosophy department who teach ethics do not have a teaching experience in the business topic and background in business to convince students.

2a. Proper APA Style to end reference of the book is as follows

Moon, C., Bonny, C., & Bloom, S. (2001). Business Ethics: Facing up to the Issues. N.p.: Economist Books.

2b. Title of Chapter 8 is as follows;

"New ethical frontiers in emerging markets"

(Moon, Bonny, & Bloom, 2001 p 117).

2c. In-text direct quotation is as follows:

"These forces are reshaping the ways companies manage their relationships in different local, national, and international contexts with individuals and with other organizations." (Moon, Bonny, & Bloom, S. 2001, p 7).

2d. Paraphrase

In the contemporary business environment, business leaders are being squeezed with different types of pressures. First, they are being pressured to demonstrate their entrepreneurial flairs showing the ability to exploit the commercial opportunities being offered by the globalization, technology, as well as the knowledge economy. Moreover, the leaders are being asked to respond to growing demands from NGOs (non-governmental organizations) and customers' demand for greater social responsibility and accountability. (Moon, Bonny, & Bloom, S. 2001).

PART B: Journal Articles

1a. Proper end reference is as follows:

Kaptein, M. (2011). From Inaction to External Whistleblowing: The Influence of the Ethical Culture of Organizations on Employee Responses to Observed Wrongdoing. Journal of Business Ethics, 98(3), 513-530.

1b. Direct quotation of...

Journal as scholarly one
The journal article is a scholarly one based on the following criteria: First the author is the Professor of Ethics at RSM Erasmus University. The author has also published several scholarly journal articles in the management of ethics. Moreover, the article is a peer-reviewed making it qualify as a scholarly article. Typically, articles published in a peer-reviewed journal are the articles written by experts, and they are reviewed by other experts in the field before being published. A quality of a peer-reviewed article is guaranteed after it is being published. The article also follows the appropriate methodology of the scholarly article. Kaptein, (2011) provides the abstract of the article revealing the overall summary of the research paper. Moreover, the author provides a background of the research exploring the cause of the corporate scandals in the United States and wrong doings of the business executives in the business world. Moreover, the author formulates the following hypotheses:

Hypothesis 1: "Regarding the response of employees who observe wrongdoing, the cultural dimension of clarity is positively related to confrontation, reporting to management, and calling a hotline, negatively related to inaction, and unrelated to external whistleblowing." (Kaptein, 2011, p 516).

Hypothesis 2: "Regarding the response of employees who observe wrongdoing, the cultural dimension of congruency of local management is positively related to confrontation and reporting to management, negatively related to calling a hotline and external whistleblowing, and unrelated to inaction." (Kaptein, 2011, p 517).

Hypothesis 3: "Regarding the response of employees who observe wrongdoing, the cultural dimension of congruency of senior management is positively related to confrontation, reporting to management and calling a hotline, negatively related to external whistleblowing, and unrelated to inaction." (Kaptein, 2011, p 518).

The author collects data through a quantitative technique using survey method to test the hypotheses. The Likert Scale technique…