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Measurements and Assessments
Problem Statement
The client has a history of mental health issues and has been taking antidepressant medication for her depressed mood. The client has been receiving mental health services for the past 17 years due to her reported mood swings. Ms. Z underwent electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) three years ago. However, her depressive mood persists. The client would like to return to school and complete her four-year degree, but she fears she might not be able to complete the course due to her history of mental health concerns. The client has been referred so that her cognitive ability and severity of the condition can be determined. Before committing to a four-year degree, the client wants recommendations on her ability to focus on the course and determine her chances of completing the course without an issue. Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2) and Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale | Fourth Edition (WAISIV) are used to evaluate the clients cognitive ability and the severity of the condition.
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale | Fourth Edition (WAISIV)
Test Administration
The WAIS-IV is administered by a professional psychologist who has a C-level qualification (Abdelhamid et al., 2021). The tests are complex and take a lot of training to administer appropriately. The administration of the WAIS-IV subtests relies on the discontinue rule. The tests increase in difficulty as one takes them and the discontinue rule aims to minimize testing time. If a client obtains a score of 0 on a number of consecutive items, there is no need to continue with the tests since the client is most likely to fail to complete the other scale items. As the tests increase in difficulty, the administrator should be careful not to implement the discontinue rule, and the subtests are not correctly ordered. The test can be administered over two or more sessions if needed to ensure there has been no mistake in the initial results.
Normed Population
The test is designed for adult populations aged between 16 to 90. The test measures the intelligence and cognitive ability of the individual. The WAIS-IV was extended to include people 90 years old because people are now living longer than before. The test is designed to be taken by anyone regardless of their sex, race, religion, education level, or geographic location. The reviews done for the test improve the test and make it accommodative for numerous people. Including different people for the test makes it diverse and applicable to any population and can be used globally. The test developers also aimed to reduce the timeframe for the test to make it easy to use by a variety of people. Reducing the number of tests allows for administering the test to people of advanced age since they have a...…Social Introversion (Si). Many supplementary scales can be derived from the MMPI-2. However, these 10 are the ones that guide the clinicians evaluation of the person. MMPI-2 will provide information on a candidates suitability for a certain job, especially in law enforcement. During the vetting of applicants, the MMPI-2 can be used to determine their capability to perform the job as expected. MMPI-2 can provide information on differential diagnosis where the clinician can determine what is ailing the patient. During the development of treatment plans, it is vital to determine the definitive diagnosis to ensure the correct treatment plan is implemented.
Reliability And Validity of The Test When Administered to Varying Populations
Considering that the test is normed using a diverse and representative population of the United States (Sellbom, 2019). Its reliability and validity will unlikely differ when the test is administered to a varying population. The reviews made from MMPI to MMPI-2 ensured that the test was suitable for use by different populations and would yield the same results when given to the same person on different days. Before the review, the test did not apply to a diverse population because it contained offensive questions that made it hard to administer to specific populations. The test relies on the same validity scales to determine the validity of the test results regardless of the test takers background, race, religion, or sexual orientation. However,…
References
Abdelhamid, G. S. M., Bassiouni, M. G. A., & Gómez-Benito, J. (2021). Assessing cognitive abilities using the wais-iv: An item response theory approach. International journal of environmental research and public health, 18(13), 6835. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18136835
Giromini, L., Lettieri, S. C., Zizolfi, S., Zizolfi, D., Viglione, D. J., Brusadelli, E., Perfetti, B., di Carlo, D. A., & Zennaro, A. (2019). Beyond rare-symptoms endorsement: A clinical comparison simulation study using the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2) with the Inventory of Problems-29 (IOP-29). Psychological Injury and Law, 12(3), 212-224. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12207-019-09357-7
Sellbom, M. (2019). The MMPI-2-Restructured Form (MMPI-2-RF): Assessment of personality and psychopathology in the twenty-first century. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 15(1), 149-177. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-050718-095701
The MMPI-2 reports on 10 different clinical scales. Generally, people will be coded based on their two highest single scales. Scale 1 measures hypochondriasis and assess concern over bodily functions. Scale 2 measures depression. Scale 3 measures hysteria. Scale 4 measures psychopathic deviance, which is actually a measure of social deviance and obedience to authority. Scale 5 is labeled masculinity and femininity. Scale 6 measure paranoia. Scale 7 is labeled
Instrument review: MMPI-2 Balducci, C., Alfano, V., & Fraccaroli, F. (2009). Relationships between mobbing at work and MMPI-2 personality profile, posttraumatic stress symptoms, and suicidal ideation and behavior. Violence and Victims, 24(1), 52-67. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/208557482?accountid=10901 The article "Relationships between mobbing at work and the revised Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventor (MMPI-2) personality profile, posttraumatic stress symptoms, and suicidal ideation and behavior" examines 'mobbing' or bullying at work and the relationship of mobbing
Each scale is intended to forecast what a person will say or do under defined conditions, and to identify individuals who will be described in characteristic ways by others who know them well or who observe their behavior in particular contexts. The scales are set up for convenience into four broad categories, bringing together those having related implications. The underlying logic of the categories is interpretational, not factorial. The
Individuals scoring high on this scale are preoccupied about their health, tend to exaggerate symptoms, and are considered to be demanding and immature. Scoring high on this scale is associated with complaints of chronic pain, fatigue and weakness. Individuals scoring low on this scale are held to be: "Healthy, insightful, and optimistic" (MMPI, nd) Scale Two - Depression: This scale is used for assessing symptomatic depression exhibited as poor morale,
In fact, it is important to understand that the MMPI-2 must be administered as a whole and that one cannot consider scores on any one area of the test in isolation from a subject's other results. Moreover, it is important to recognize that while the scales may carry official names, they do not only measure the suggested disease. For example, the schizophrenia scale appears to measure the degree of alienation
Introduction A mother of 2, Ms. Z is an African American who has in the past attempted to commit suicide, after which she was admitted in a psychiatric hospital. She is 35 years old. Her depressed mood, which has presented since she was 18 years old, continues even after she was prescribed antidepressant medication. Ms. Z has since returned to work, after receiving ECT. It is important to note that Ms.