Youth Development UNDERSTANDING THE MECHANICS OF THE STUDY:

The primary independent variable or variables of the study are intentional sport, nonintentional sport, and intentional leadership. The primary dependent variable(s) are injury, increased anxiety, stress and burnout, alcohol and drug use. one relevant variable (RV) in the study was the lack of valid and reliable PYD outcome measures is also recognized as a limitation within the sport psychology field. The primary unit(s) of analysis are youth sport proper structure; (c) supportive relationships; (d) opportunities to belong; (e) positive social norms. The primary hypothesis showed that differences were present across these three contexts, whereby intentionally structured programs (sport and leadership) scored significantly higher on program quality from both the researchers' and youth's perspectives, as well as on PYD outcomes, than nonintentional structured sport programs.

The primary nature of the study is to examine the differences in program quality and positive developmental outcomes across 3 youth 'programming contexts and explain the basis for your judgment. It is Experimental.

TITLE

Yes, the title does show the nature of the research without describing the results. Yes, the primary variables (IVs & DVs) and type of subjects are referred to in the title which are Youth Sport Context and Positive Youth Development.

ABSTRACT

Based solely upon the abstract I could understand the purpose and primary findings of the study.

INTRODUCTION/LITERATURE REVIEW:

Yes, the researcher finds the problem area and its importance....

For example, it explains that for decades it has been assumed that youth sport fosters positive outcomes; however, research has not fully supported such claims. The specific research purposes, questions or hypotheses do not really flow logically and understandably from the introductory material. It starts talking about that in the middle.
Yes, the current research is cited. The study was published in 2016, so it was just published. No, the researcher used theory and not pinion.

EVALUATING THE SAMPLE

Yes, the author described the relevant demographics of the sample. Demographics were gathered from all youth. Gender, grade, years of program involvement, and ethnicity were assessed. The type of sampling was used? Randomly Selected? Randomly Assigned? Stratified? Targeted?

No, the sample has not been distorted by subject choice or self-choice. Has the researcher discussed any restrictions and/or limitations of the sample? It was quite difficult for researchers to find sport programs that used an intentional approach to-teaching life skills within sport. Has informed consent been obtained? Yes, it was. Parental consent forms, as well as youth assent forms; and assured confidentiality prior to data collection?

No, the sample proper is not for generalizing. Yes. it can generalize to a general population which is the youth.

EVALUATION OF INSTRUMENTATION:

Yes, the measurement tools were described? Three measures were used in this study: an observational tool completed by researchers and two self-report measures completed by youth. It is not clear if sensitive matters were assessed, and there is no…