¶ … applying ethics to the career counseling field, as mandated by the Californian State and national organizations. Numerous legal and ethical aspects need to be taken into account by professionals in the counseling field. Misunderstanding or unawareness of some ethical standard(s) cannot, by itself, help as a form of defense if charged with behaving unethically. Because of the fairly recent emergence of the 'counseling' concept in Nigeria, counselors have insufficient practical experience with regard to the relationship existing between counseling and the law (Bosede, 2010).

The counseling profession is dedicated to enhancing professional and scientific behavior-related knowledge and individuals' understanding of self and other individuals. It is also devoted to applying this knowledge towards proving individuals', societies' and organizations' conditions. Counselors safeguard and respect human and civil rights as well as the central significance of the freedom of expression and enquiry when it comes to research, publication, and teaching. For instance, one Delphi research was carried out with the aim of uncovering panel experts' views concerning the key existing and emergent ethical problems encountered by counselors. Expert opinion regarding ethical problems associated with counselor preparation was sought, as well (Herlihy and Dufrene, 2011).

A total of 18 panelists attended three data collection sessions, which were interspersed with sessions for feedback purposes. Themes that were revealed as critical ethical problems included: ensuring counselors stick to the ethical code of the ACA (American Counseling Association, 2005); practicing ethically; tackling diversity and social justice issues; ensuring competent service provision in an environment of change; and reinforcing counselors' professional identity. Vernon Zunker's work "Career Counseling: A Holistic Approach" offers adequate insight into theoretical career counseling models, in addition to practical techniques regarding how to successfully counsel clients all through the course of one's counseling career.

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It is Ethics Committee-enforced ethical standards to delineate professional expectations. Ethics as well as law governs family and marriage therapy practice. In decision-making relating to professional behavior, family and marriage therapists should take into consideration AAMFT's ethical code and relevant regulations and laws. If the ethical code prescribes some standard that is higher than a legal standard, family and marriage therapists need to meet AAMFT's higher standard (Code of Ethics). Therapists in this area promote individual and family welfare, making reasonable attempts to discover the right balance between differing goals in family systems. Their confidentiality concerns are unique, as clients in such a therapeutic relationship will mostly be two or more individuals. Therapists safeguard and respect confidences of all clients separately. Furthermore, they uphold high integrity and professional competence standards, respect research participants' dignity, protect their welfare, and are knowledgeable with regard to relevant laws, professional standards and regulations that govern research performance.
The NBCC (National Board for Certified Counselors) formulates and upholds high levels of ethical conduct mandatory for counselors. NBCC's procedures and policies with regard to professional counseling by its certificants and applicants may be explained as follows: NBCC certificants and applicants need to disclose all prior or current legal, disciplinary or criminal matter. Their disclosure has to be submitted to the NBCC…