Understanding a form of prejudice and discrimination in a black community
Explain how prejudice and discrimination manifests in this community

Research on health and race often invoke discrimination, prejudice, and racism as probable causes for increased levels of mortality and morbidity in the black community. Discrimination and prejudice can impact people's social resources, opportunities, motivation, self-worth, and involvement with the wider society. Besides, the different views on inequality and equality serve as drivers for further prejudice. Therefore, the establishment, promotion, and sustenance of human rights and equality are dependent on understanding how individuals comprehend and apply these ideas in their daily lives (Abrams, 2010).

Early sociological accounts regarding black's higher offending rates focused not on the physical constraints created by racial prejudice but instead on the supposed unique facets of their culture that disrupts conventional behavior while encouraging violence and crime. A few recent structural perceptions openly incorporate racial, physical constraints, including institutional prejudice, yet the core mechanism clarifying acts of offense among blacks in these explanations remains dysfunctional or deviant adaptations of their culture (Burt, Simons & Gibbons, 2012).

In general, blacks report widespread encounters of racial prejudice across several circumstances. Concerning institutional discrimination, 50% or more of African Americans mention that they have experienced discrimination just because of their skin complexion when dealing with the police (50 percent) when making job applications (56 percent), and when being paid or being considered for a job promotion (57 percent) (NPR, RWJF & HTCSPH, 2017). Also, 60 percent of blacks mention that they or one of their family members has been treated or stopped unfairly by the police, and 45 percent mention that the court system has unfairly treated them because they are African Americans. Blacks residing in suburban regions are more likely to report unfair stopping or treatment by the police than those living in urban areas (NPR, RWJF & HTCSPH, 2017).

Blacks residing in predominantly black neighborhoods are more likely to encounter discrimination than those living in non-majority black neighborhoods. Generally, 92 percent of blacks believe that discrimination against blacks exists in the United States (NPR, RWJF & HTCSPH, 2017). About 50 percent of these mention that discrimination based on prejudgment of individuals is the main problem, compared to 25 percent who mention that the main issue is simply discrimination based on governmental policies and laws. Another 25 percent mention that both are similarly problematic NPR, RWJF & HTCSPH, 2017).

Discrimination and prejudice against African Americans living in America are considered to be products of slavery. These beliefs sprouted from white racists' negative attitudes and were exerted via discrimination and tyrannical actions that portrayed how slaves should behave and think (Taylor, Guy-Walls, Wilkerson, & Addae, 2019). Many white slave owners came up with beliefs to explain their political, economic, and social dominations. Owning black slaves was a symbol of higher class amidst the white racists who felt the need to apply violence to suppress slave resistance via abusive treatment. These dehumanized slaves downgraded their roles and even restricted their activities and movement to those seen as valuable to their masters. Social control constraints determined both familial and individual relationships as well as behavioral activity portrayed by slaves. For instance, slaves were expected to denounce their cultural beliefs and instead conform to their master's expectations (Taylor, Guy-Walls, Wilkerson, & Addae, 2019).

The science behind prejudice and discrimination and its psychological impacts

Several surveys have asked blacks and other racial minorities regarding their encounters with discrimination at their workplace and other day-to-day social settings. One surprising conclusion from this study is the incidence with which racial discrimination is mentioned. Racial discrimination, together with its psychological correlations, has gained great attention over the last twenty years. Backed by theoretical models of racism-linked stress, findings generally reveal that perceptions of racial discrimination are inversely related to an individual's psychological well-being yet positively linked with psychological psychological distress (Pieterse, Todd, Neville, & Carter, 2011).

As per the general strain theory, racism causes distress, which increases the chances of committing a...…(like reduced psychological distress, anxiety, and depression) (Burt, Simons, & Gibbons, 2012).

Present findings greatly back the need for evaluating these racial discrimination coping phenomenon from a bio-psychosocial point of view. This would provide health practitioners with the information needed to treat those affected with cultural stress from an all-inclusive outlook and could be incorporated as part of both physical and mental health care (Griffin & Armstead, 2020).

Different coping strategies are utilized in different situations. In other words, African Americans cope with different racist situations in different ways. The ever-present need for African Americans to have an appropriate way to deal with racist incidents makes racism a chronic stressor. Many studies have been carried out to assess the coping strategies African Americans utilize generally. The most common strategies include: relying on religious rituals, relying on community support, relying on family, belief in achievement and responsibility, belief in hard work, and developing a strong defense shield. Studies have also found that African Americans sometimes do not utilize coping strategies when exposed to racist situations because of the community's limited coping strategies. This is because there are different forms of racism, and racism itself is intangible and insidious, making it difficult to utilize active coping measures such as problem-solving (Lawson, 2016).

Education Attainment and Coping Strategies

Education is perceived as the path to success. This is because it promises better jobs, better pay, better housing, and increase comfort. Education also affects mental health. A recent study found that the more educated individuals are, the higher their well-being levels. In a graded linear relationship, the study revealed that every group of individuals in an education level had better mental well-being than the one below them. As per this study, when education is taken into account, racial differences in mental health and well-being are reduced by 20% (Williams, 1997, p. 344). Additionally, this study also reported reduced distress with an increase in pay/income. However, this study also reported increased distress within high-population households (Williams, 1997, p. 345).

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