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Child & Adolescent Psychology
Assessment & Evaluation
Both ADHD and BMD display genetic relationships, although BMD does not seem to run in families to the degree seen in ADHD. With the ADHD established early in Clara's life, the focus of this assessment is on the possibility of co-morbid bi-polar mood disorder (BMD) and depression. While most individuals experience their first episode of BMD around the age of 18 or after -- the mean for diagnosis is 26 years of age -- children do rarely develop BMD. Clara would experience her ADHD as a chronic, consistent impairment, while the BMD is episodic, alternating with periods of normal levels of moods. That said, it is important to recognize that ADHD is typically associated with emotional reactions to certain trigger events, and that the people with ADHD are often quite passionate. The occasion of happy events bring ebullient reactions; unhappy experiences evoke intense sadness. The stark differences between BMD and ADHD with respect for moodiness are the rapidity of mood shifts and the grounding of moods in reality. For BMD, the shifts in mood are generally not connected to life events and actual experiences, and the mood shifts may take hours or days to change. In people with ADHD, moods are normal -- in that they are pegged to life events and experiences -- but they are more intense than what people without ADHD may feel, and they may appear instantaneous to observers because they may be triggered by quickly shifting perceptions and reactions to actual life circumstances.
People with ADHD experience rapid and frequent shifts of mood, while people who present with BMD evidence mood shifts with...
It should be noted that the DSM-V definitions of bi-polar disorders now recognize sub-types that do not fit the classic gateway questions, say, for mood duration and permit more of the mixed type patterns across the diagnoses.
It is certainly possible that Clara has experienced sexual abuse, and there are several indicators that this is a reasonable consideration. Clara's mother apparently dated following her divorce and now has a new partner living in the home. Clara's provocative behavior suggests that she could have been signaling sexual invitations to young and older males, establishing conditions for date rape or consensual (by social, not legal standards) sex. That said, it is important to guard against any bias in this direction that evidences a cultural or racial basis. It is not possible to determine a propensity for sexual activity at this time. There is no evidence from which to make that determination; however, the matter should be explored in therapy in order to determine if posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is relevant to the diagnosis. Given these considerations, my treatment plan is based on a diagnosis of co-morbid ADHD and BMD. The determination as to…
References
Prezeworski, A. & Dunbeck, K (2014). Development Considerations in Assessment and Treatment. In Alfano, C.A & Beidel, D.C. (Eds). Comprehensive Evidence-Based Interventions for Children and Adolescents (pp.3-13). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.
Hausmann, A., Hortnagi, C., Muller, M., Waack, J., Walpath, M., & Conca, A. (2007). Psychotherapeutic interventions in bipolar disorder: A review. Neuropsychiatry, 21(2), 102-109. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17640496
Mikowitz, D.J. (2006). A review of evidenced-based psychosocial interventions for bipolar disorder. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 67(Supplement, 11), 28-33. Retreived from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17029494
Bipolar Disorder generally sets in during adolescence or early adulthood though it may also occur late in one's life or during childhood. It results in terrible mood swings ranging from mania and euphoria to depression and suicidal tendencies. The earlier a person is diagnosed with bipolar disorder the better. Medication is available for bipolar disorder, which helps control the mood swings and even treats the condition. Diagnosis of bipolar disorders
The first group will receive a placebo. The second group will receive a spiritual chakra treatment designed to correct electrochemical imbalances within the body. The third group will receive medication to treat psychosis. The specific medication does not matter and therefore will not be specified. The dose will be the same for each patient and therefore will be monitored to determine whether dosage is sufficient. Therefore, the measurements will track
Bipolar psychiatric disorder (BD) -- which is characterized by "…cycles of depression and mania" -- is a "euphoric, high-energy state" that can produce remarkable bursts of creativity or, on the other hand, can produce erratic behavioral events that are risky and provocative (Gardner, 2011). About 2.4% of the world's population has been diagnosed with bipolar disorder (at one time or another in their lifetime) but the rate in the United
ADHD, or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, is a common childhood problem affecting as much as 3-5% of the school-age population. The core symptoms of ADHD are inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity. Children with ADHD exhibit functional impairment across multiple settings and engage in disruptive behaviors, thus inviting criticism from adults and peer rejection. Psycho stimulant medication has been shown to be reasonably successful, but may produce significant side effects in a
Bipolar Disorder in Children The CBCL Bipolar Profile and Attention, Mood, and Behavior Dysregulation Database: Academic Search Premiere I knew I wanted to review a paper on bipolar disorder in children. I chose the database "Academic Search Premiere." I clicked "advanced search" so I could use more than one term. For my keywords, I chose "bipolar disorder" in one box and "children" in the other. I also checked the boxes that limited my
Attention Deficit HyperactivITY Disorder DIAGNOSIS IN CHILDREN Historical Records Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is a diverse behavioral set of symptoms described by the hub indication of impulsivity, hyperactivity and inattention. Even as, these symptoms have a tendency to gather together, some individuals are for the most part hyperactive and impetuous, even as others are predominantly inattentive. This disease affects both toddlers and adults of all ages and should be taken seriously. When