However the sheer number of vessels in transit at any one time is still large enough to warrant concern among the environmentally conscious.
One extremely recent development offers new insight of the future of the environmental concerns associated with maritime travel. The International Maritime Organization (IMO), a UN body that regulates world shipping, will be deciding on whether or not to reduce sulfur levels in the emissions produced by ships (Pearce, 2010). Sulfur plays a very ironic role in today's stage of environmental concerns.
On one hand, it is one of the contaminants produced by sulfates contribute to global warming. One the other hand, sulfur levels actually protect the environment in a roundabout way. Sulfate particles actually hover in the atmosphere an act to provide a layer of shade to the earth's surface. Therefore, the sulfates have a net effect that actually acts to cool the planet. If the IMO does act to reduce the amount of sulfates in the atmosphere it could potentially cause inadvertent effects on global warming.
Another issue regarding maritime delivery that cannot be avoided is the invasive species issue. When a ship travels it can carry unwanted species in two different manners. The first is that a ship can carry foreign species in its ballast. This ballast water is then released upon porting at its destination in order to balance the ship as the cargo is unloaded. Species of aquatic creators are consequently stored and released into habitats in which they are not naturally found. The newly introduced species can act to upset the environmental balance in that region.
The second manner of transportation that a sea going vessel offers to species is called biofouling. Biofouling occurs when a species of any aquatic species basically hitches a ride to a new destination on the exterior of a ship's hull. It has been speculated that each method of transportation is equally as potentially deadly to the native species. When the alien species reaches the new environment it has the potential of surpassing the native population...
The implications of the extent of this issue are still being researched, but the figures are outstanding. If the figures are representative of reality then it is a major defeat for the potential benefits associated with the increase in short shore shipping; especially when the congestion of
NAFTA trades is considered.
Conclusion
In this paper there have been many issues discussed in regards to maritime
shipping capabilities of offset some of the congestion associated with the increased
trade volumes due to NAFTA. The United States,
Canada, and Mexico only have four choices which they can ship goods; rail, air, road, or ship. Of all of the options, the sea stands the most potential as it has not been sufficiently explored by any of the NAFTA members. At the same time, new research findings involving invasive species may create an environment in which the total benefit to
society of maritime shipping is actually negative. However, if developments in technology can somehow work to prohibit foreign species from entering native lands, then it is possible that sea borne shipping routes may greatly loosen the load of the overworked infrastructure that provides the bulk of the transportation of the NAFTA trading triad.
Works Cited
Brooks, M. (2005). NAFTA and Short Sea Shipping Corridors. AIMS Commentary. November (5), p1-4.
Fernandez, L. (2005). NAFTA Countries' Strategies for Addressing Marine Invasive Species through Shipping.Available: http://economics.ucr.edu/seminars/spring05/ets/04082005.pdf. Last accessed May 11, 2010.
Kallas, S. (2009). What do we want to achieve?. Available: http://ec.europa.eu/transport/maritime/index_en.htm. Last accessed May 11, 2010.
Pearce, F. (2010). How polluting ships have been doing us a favour. New
Scientist. 205 (2), p8-9.
Salomon, M. (2009). Is short-sea shipping the wave of the future?. Available: http://www.dcvelocity.com/articles/20090901short_sea_shipping/. Last accessed May 11, 2010.
