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¶ … Ethical Systems
Ethical formalism. What is good is that which conforms to the categorical imperative. This is the ethical system of Immanuel Kant, which is normative and deontological. It is a universal ethic that asserts every person is to be treated with equal dignity and respect rather than as an object or a means to an end. A truly moral action is motivated by good will, not because the individual doing the good deed expects "payment, wants a return favor, or for any reason other than a good will," while immoral actions to achieve moral or ethical ends are not permitted (Pollock, 2006, p. 27). Ethical formalism could not support unjust laws that violated basic human rights because these "run counter to the categorical imperative that each person must be treated as an end rather than as a means, and to the universalism principle" (Pollock, p. 65). This is the ethical view that comes close to my own because it is universal and respects the fact that all persons have equal rights and dignity, but also rejects the extremes of egotism or the belief that human beings are just self-interested atoms with no sense of social obligations.
Utilitarianism. What is good is that which results in the greatest utility for the greatest number. This ethical system is teleological and consequentialist in that it also considers the goal or the purpose of an action as justifying the means, and in this case the purpose is the general welfare of society and the good of the majority. One of its leading proponents was Jeremy Bentham, whose view of human nature was that individuals always sought to maximize pleasure and minimize pain. Unlike ethical formalists, utilitarians are permitted to carry out evil acts such as assassinating a tyrant if it serves the greater good of humanity or society. Utilitarian ethics might support...
66).
Religion. What is good is that which conforms to God's will. A completely normative and deontological system of morality, which can be based on the Bible, religious authorities, individual conscience, or the Golden Rule of 'do unto others as you would have them do unto you'. God's law may be absolutist or situational, and in the latter case, necessary evils in order to achieve a greater good, which is similar to utilitarianism (Pollock, p. 33). In the case of unjust and immoral laws, such as persecution of minorities, the "religious ethical framework would probably not provide moral support for the action because it runs contrary to some basic Christian principles," although in the past Christians have indeed persecuted Jews and other religious minorities (Pollock, p. 65)
Natural law. What is good is that which is natural. This is a normative and deontological ethical system that holds "there is a universal…
REFERENCES
Pollock, J.M. (2006). Ethical Dilemmas and Decisions in Criminal Justice. Cengage Learning.
Utilitarian Abortion Considerations: The utilitarian perspective applied to the abortion issue would focus on whether permitting or prohibiting elective abortion would contribute more positively the interests of society (Mill, 2003 p160). The principal difference between the utilitarian and deontological perspectives is that utilitarianism is wholly unconcerned with the underlying motivation for decisions. Whereas deontological formalism values the state of mind of the individual, utilitarianism focuses on the ultimate consequences of the act,
Criminal Justice What do you Think Paradigm of Laws Paradigm of Laws • the paradigm of law your actions define and give reasons Law and ethics applies to everyone whether free individuals or a prisoners. Everybody has the right of existence, justice and fairness. However, there are occasions when a prisoner cannot be offered the right of confidentiality and privacy. This is exactly what I have done to the inmate in state prison where I
ethical obligations -- as discussed, for example, in Chapter 16 of the Northouse text -- allegedly breached by Smith or Halloran while in office. (These obligations will not "fit" perfectly, as the real world does not always match the academic world precisely. Contemplate and give the best answer.) In each case, describe the ethically-proper course of action that was not taken by the relevant actors. Does New York --
Code of ethics. H&R Block code of Ethics H&R Block are tax specialists who deal with anything t do with tax calculations, tax returns for organizations as well as any advisory role in anything to do with taxes. They actually describe their role on their website as that of offering "the most trusted state-of-the-art tax preparation experience at a great price for everyone" to their clients. The mission statement of the organization
Utilitarianism applies to the utility of the end result. There are, at least, two models that are similar in content: Mill and Benthams's Principle of Utility. Mill stated that it was the consequences of the good or bad action to the individual that determined morality of that action, whilst Bentham proposed moral consequence arising from "the greatest good for the greatest number of people." Pain and pleasure, he wrote, are
This can be a challenging process and it is not always apparent what is the norm and what is offensive in some cultures. Furthermore, the counselor will also have to ensure that the group respects the diversity that it has within it and therefore there may have to be an educational component to teach the group what will and will not be tolerated in regards to diversity. Conclusion Ethics are a