Mills Arguements
Intrinsic Value of Liberty
There can be very few doubts as to the importance of liberty to the philosophical espousing of John Stuart Mill, who even authored a treatise entitled On Liberty to underscore the amount of emphasis he placed on this particular concept. What is most interesting about the many different notions the author has in relation to freedom is the circumscriptions that are routinely placed upon it in what is the age-old conflict between the individual and the group -- the latter of which routinely takes the form of government or some other determining mechanism of society. Not surprisingly, Mill presents a number of viewpoints that contradict the notion that the morality of the state should influence the personal opinions and actions of the individual, especially when the effects of those actions only resonate within the individual himself. The two most eminent of these arguments, of course, revolve around the concept that there are both intrinsic and instrumental values of personal liberty that are forsaken, wrongfully, in instances in which the aforementioned condition occurs. However, a close examination of both of these arguments reveals that in this aspect of liberty -- which is of a personal nature that does not directly influence that of anyone else -- it is due to the intrinsic value of freedom that society should not attempt to dictate the personal freedom of the individual.
One of the most influential doctrines that Mill ever composed that addresses these two ideas and qualities of liberty is On Liberty, in which the author delineates the fact that there are actually both instrumental and intrinsic facets of personal liberty. Moreover, Mill also details how these different aspects of liberty directly relate to his position that governmental entities or society in general should have no authority over the personal choices of an individual. The author's central premise, however, is that neither "one person, nor any number of persons, is warranted" in dictating what someone else "chooses to do with" his or her life...
In order to elucidate the two central arguments that Mill utilizes to dissuade society or the state from infringing on the personal liberty of others, it becomes necessary to analyze the
structure of one of the most critical components of On Liberty, Chapter IV "Of the Limits to the Authority of Society Over the Individual." After asserting his central premise in the preceding quotation, Mill goes on to explain that one of the most crucial usages of personal liberty is to warn others when they are utilizing their own freedom to alienate themselves from their fellow man, due to any number of forms of anti-social behavior. The author indicates that the right to do so is one of the most instrumental aspects of personal liberty, since the state has no involvement in such individual forms of expression unless "they involve a breach of
duty to others" (Mill 142). However, matters of personal preference, such as an individual's own
behavior which Mill terms "duties to ourselves" are "not socially obligatory" (Mill 142) since they do not involve the
welfare of others.
The type of personal preference which Mill refers to that do not involve the state and instead require an instrumental
exercise of liberty are simple facets of one's
character that may be detrimental to himself, such as if he is "deficient in those qualities" (Mill 142) that are for his own good, such as prudence,
discipline, and other virtues which are not directly related to the moral welfare of others. In cases such as these, it is up to either that individual, or other individuals who observe these flaws or faults in that individual to exercise their own free will to deal with the circumstances of the defects of that individual's character. One means of dealing with those flaws which is to "act upon our unfavourable opinion of any one, not to the oppression of his individuality, but in the exercise of ours" (Mill 141). Such action is an exercise of personal liberty that is decidedly instrumental in the fact that it can either take the form of trying to help another overcome his defects, or take the…
