Social Construction In today's modern world, organizations have become global, where people from different countries and cultures come together to work for common and shared organizational goals. Several cultural issues arise when employees from distinct backgrounds are in the same place. Religion is one of the most critical ones since it is the set of spiritual beliefs and values that individuals follow in their daily lives. They expect their organizations to give them leverage for following their religion as this provides for their personal development. Enhancement in personal self would support bettering individual and group performance; hence, upgrading in organizational competitiveness would be observed.

Hofstede said that the religion practiced in a certain region is the result of cultural values that were followed previously by the ancestors in the same area (Mazur, 2010). The existing cultural strength is increased when people follow a religious guideline as they can with themselves and their spiritual entities whom they worship. Values are then created within the organizational culture based on these cultural qualities. Personal characteristics are combined with national and religious cultures, therefore, becoming a part of the organizational working environment. The states that have people from various ethnicities living in one area have heterogeneous religious backgrounds. The individuals' attributes and the environment under which they function are affected by their respective religions and beliefs that they pursue.

Within an organization, a group of humans works together, hence formulating a human society of its own. Their behaviors and religions shape the work relations created within these human societies. Since nationality has different dimensions as well, in which religion is counted, individualism is therefore modified that today's managers have to understand. In international organizations, it is important to understand individuals' religious orientations to understand how they can be compensated, motivated, and rewarded based on their spirituality.

The social construction of gender and religion are quite evident in modern globalized organizations. The social context of each culture takes religion and gender in different ways. For example, in some religions touching and staring at women is considered inappropriate, and the same values are meant to be practiced within the social settings. The gender differences...

When religion is taken as a social variable dependent on culture, religion then mirrors the way a society should operate, including both men and women. It would not be wrong to say that the social codes are defined by religion.
Recently, national and international laws have ensured that gender equalities are maintained throughout societies that constitutional laws provide a defense source to maintain order within the social communities (Raday, 2003). Human rights doctrine highlights any opposing gender equality claims in which religious and cultural values are underlined. The cultural defense is made immediately where the gender roles are identified with an emphasis; however, the religious claims remain vague instead of human rights under the shade of religious freedom. Various human rights institutes have stressed cultural values and gender equality, whereas conflict between religious patterns and others' freedom also exists.

Under the name of culture and religion, several societal practices are gender-specific, especially, they are observed to be hurt one...…decline across generations but remain strong in second generations, which shows the strength of national identity. Political behaviors or engagements are manifested in minority identities as well. Some studies support the fact that dual-national identity increases political involvement while some studies are against it. The local context where an individual resides and his political consciousness plays an important role in identity creation. These contexts that help boost identity and belonging to society are key factors for mobilization of political awareness. Therefore, if minorities are provided sources for self-identification based upon their cultural contexts, political recognition becomes an important identity sphere.

The majority and minority groups within the society, along with their cultural and religious context, serve as a fundamental basis for social construction study. Human beings live in different levels within the same human communities, and nationalism becomes vague in the 21st century. The internal and external changes within the ethnicities are gradually transferred within the nationalities and personal identities. Political movements provide a direction for nationalism. The steps for maintaining this continuum are guided by political powers and their perceptions about their societies' racial and religious classifications within the state. Economic development is only possible when government devises policies that consider the social and religious needs of these social communities so that their political identities are strengthened. If religion were to be a dominant feature of the society and the nations were to be divided into those who believe in religion and those who do not, then how we should perceive the world and how others should interpret us would be dependent on metaphysical assumptions of identities.…