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Teen Pregnancy
High-Risk Family Health Promotion: Teen Pregnancy Teen mothers are more likely to live below the poverty line (Guttmacher Institute, 2010). Thus, their children do not receive the healthcare they require, they perform poorer in school (Sastry & Pebly, 2010), and they are more at risk for future health complications.
Teen pregnancy is a problem in the United States which has enormous consequences for both the individuals who are immediately concerned with the pregnancy and the public at large. The role of family nursing in assisting young mothers cannot be understated, but prevention and education are the primary goals of family nursing. Nurses must realize the adverse consequences that can occur when a teen becomes pregnant, understand how to advocate for the teen and have the personal skills to positively affect the patient.
The United States continues to have an epidemic of teen pregnancies. The United States leads the world in all categories of teen pregnancy. In 2006 more than 750,000 women below the age of 2o became pregnant (Gutmacher Instittute, 2010, 2). This is actually a low number as the birth rate per 1,000 representative women was only 71.5. However, this figure had increased slightly from 2005. The percentage of teens who become pregnant had dropped to 7% of the teen population also.
Teens, in general, are among the healthiest age group, but health risks increase dramatically for young women who become pregnant. Teens are much more likely than older women to try and hide their pregnancy or to miss health checkups (Pregnant Teen Help, 2010). This means that they these teens are also more likely to have complications with their pregnancies and not receive the healthcare assistance that they need. Teen mothers are also at a greater risk for high blood pressure, preeclampsia, and early birth. Thus, they have a greater need of prenatal healthcare and are much less likely to receive same (Sastry & Pebly, 2010).
The nursing staff who work with teen mothers need to understand how best to assist these young women prior to and after they become pregnant. Since the teen mother is less likely to have had proper prenatal care, the family nurse must make sure that the teen sees a qualified health professional as soon as possible. The assessment must include such data as level of support in the home, whether the teen has attended any prenatal health sessions, the likelihood of maintaining or aborting the pregnancy, and what other community supports are available (WHO, 2002). Ensuring that the teen follows up with the needed care is critical to the health and well-being of both the child and the mother.
Family theories abound in the area of family nursing which address some of the stresses involved with teen pregnancy. Conger's family stress model says that family is a significant cause of the negative emotions one experiences, so when a stressful event occurs, such as a teen pregnancy, this inordinately increases the stress levels of the people involved and can cause adverse consequences. The model basically sees family stress as a circular procession in which child outcomes, parenting indicators, poverty and stress indicators can all play a part (Friedman, Bowden & Jones, 2003). The other model that has some features that would do well to explain how family nursing can assist in the article of teen pregnancy is Orem's self-care theory. Orem said that the goal of nursing is to meet the needs of the patient in such a way that they are capable of meeting their own healthcare needs (Friedman, Bowden & Jones, 2003). This model is about the education of the individual which is required to prevent negative health consequences.
Both of these models have aspects…
References
Friedman, M., Bowden, V., & Jones, E. (2003). Family nursing: Research, theory, and practice (5th ed.). Connecticut: Prentice Hall Inc.
Guttmacher Institute. (2010). U.S. teenage pregnancies, births and abortions: National and state trends by race and ethnicity. Retrieved November 13, 2010 from http://www.guttmacher.org/pubs/USTPtrends.pdf
Healthy People. (2010). Healthy people 2010. Retrieved November 15, 2010 from http://www.healthypeople.gov/About/hpfactsheet.pdf
Pregnant Teen Help. (2010). Teen pregnancy consequences. Retrieved November 23, 2010 from http://www.pregnantteenhelp.org/facts/teen-pregnancy-consequences/
World Health Organization (WHO). 2002. Integrating prevention into heath care. Retrieved, November 03, 2010 from http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs172/en/index.html
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