Human Genome Project Medical Nursing

MEDICAL NURSING

Medical Nursing: Human Genome Project

What Is Human Genome Project (HGP)

The Human Genome Project is an international venture based on research with the major goal of completing the chemical sequence of human genetic material (Collins & Fink, 1995). It would enable 50,000 to 100,000 genes to be completed within the genome, for which research tools and an international approach are required. This project aims to gain information on the genetic formation of human cells so that new strategies for treating and preventing diseases can be formulated for each unique human being. The powerful formula for understanding the pathology of illnesses is possible with a comprehensive interpretation of DNA (Collins & Fink, 1995). Multiple DNA mutations would help cater to the interpretation of complex physical and psychological disorders, along with inheritable ones, so that single to multiple gene mutations define the building blocks of the human body and its functionalities.

Concept of Human Microbiome

The human microbiome is the bacteria, viruses, archaea, and eukaryotes that predominantly exist in our bodies (Ogunrinola et al., 2020). They are assumed as the micro-bodies that travel within our blood and circulatory system that help outline the immune and metabolic functions. The empowerment and impairment of the human body are based on their functioning, which is viral for healthcare professionals’ knowledge (Ogunrinola et al., 2020).

The areas where microbiomes are present in abundant quantities are the gastro-intestinal tract, gut, nasal cavities, respiratory tract, and over the skin (Ogunrinola et al., 2020). They have been enabled enough to adjust to the workings of the human body and do not get affected by these adaptations. They are the inhabitants and creators of interactions within the human body that are even referred to as the major components of genomic organisms (Ogunrinola et al., 2020). With their particular colonization within the human body, they form a discrete ecosystem of their own that has adjusted well to the inside environmental conditions unique to every individual (Ogunrinola et al., 2020).

Every individual microbiome is distinctive since the lifestyle pattern, diet, nutrition, inherited genes, and body responses to diseases differ (Ogunrinola et al., 2020). The working of microbiomes defines an inimitable pattern for the underlying diseases since, at a given point in time, microbiomes form an alteration that could sometimes come up with a transformation into chronic or life-threatening diseases (Ogunrinola et al., 2020).

Impact of Covid-19 on Human Microbiome

The human microbiome in the respiratory tract and human feces changed drastically during Covid-19 (Yamamoto et al., 2021). Research has verified that fecal samples of the human microbiome, when compared with those with the healthy ones, were completely changed with Covid-19 as the bacterial microbiome has reshaped. Covid patients showed higher accumulations of opportunistic pathogens (OPs) that have become part of commensal microbiota within the impaired immune system, such as dysbiosis (Yamamoto et al., 2021). The gut bacterial microbiome was principally observed among Covid patients tested during SARS-CoV-2 (Yamamoto et al., 2021).

Similarly, specific microbiomes were found in the respiratory ecosystem where pro-inflammatory cytokines like ARDS were present in profusion (Yamamoto et al., 2021). Other cytokines included IL-2, IL-7, IL-10, IP 10, MCP1, TNF?, and GCSAF compared with those still safe from Coronavirus (Yamamoto et al., 2021). Some studies even pointed out that the middle pharynx microbiome was transmuted in response to Covid-related pneumonia. Specific transformations of pathogenic micro-organisms were found in some individuals, most certainly pertinent to human influenza and respiratory syncytial virus (Yamamoto et al., 2021).

Nursing’s Role in Patient Education of the Human Microbiome and Covid-19

A study indicated that nurses were active role players while disseminating information about Covid to their families (Widiasih et al., 2021). It could be inferred that nurses are active agents in patient education since they must inform the affected and the non-affected ones about tips for staying safe. The study revealed that they had to tell their family members about cleanliness, and hygiene, especially washing hands, staying at a distance from friends, and not going out except when it is desperately needed (Widiasih et al., 2021). The study even cited that nurses found it challenging to educate children under five years since they were hard to be confined within four walls when they wanted to go out (Widiasih et al., 2021). Making them accept the will of elders and staying at home was a task.

Moreover, research has stated that nurses are an imperative source of knowledge for patients with information related to respiratory exercises, strategies for self-managing Covid, and medication adherence (Clari et al., 2021). An interesting part of this research was the statement about the decrease in patient-nurse interaction that was reduced due to safe distancing. Patient education was adversely affected because nurses had to think of new ways of interacting, such as writing names on their masks to let patients know who the nurse was and sometimes drawing on the gown (Clari et al., 2021). The nurses knew the importance of education; hence, they did not stop, and the virus did not prevent them from doing so. Nurses knew that role of microbiomes in the prevention of such a pandemic is vital; therefore, it needs to be controlled with diet, education, and lifestyle changes that became necessary with the advent of Covid-19. Also, education took a new form where virtual means were introduced, especially for those patients for whom access was a problem or the presence of qualified health professionals was scarce.