¶ … Hispanic challenge" real?
Immigration
Is the "Hispanic challenge" real?
The issue of immigration and the assimilation of other cultures into the dominant culture and social context of a country has become an issue of extreme political and social relevance in the world today. This problem or issue has also been exacerbated by the phenomenon of globalization. This is also an issue that is fraught with contentious debate and argument as there is a delicate line between political correctness in an increasingly multicultural world and the perception that national and cultural identity is being threatened by the influx of other cultures.
In the United States this issue is centered on the influx and the establishment of Hispanic and Latino culture in the country, while a similar debate about the influx of immigrants, especially from Africa and the Middle East, in the United Kingdom is ongoing.
This paper discusses the question of the alleged threat of Hispanic culture in to the United States and also compare this to the situation with regard to immigration in Britain. Central to this analysis will be an assessment of the validity or otherwise of Huntington's argument.
2. Huntington's Argument
Huntington argues that the continued and persistent influx of Hispanic immigrants into the United States could lead to the possibility of a division of the country into two different peoples as well as "…two cultures, and two languages." (Huntington 2004) He bases his argument on the fact that the Hispanic population has to a large extent resisted any real assimilation...
Consequently, he argues, this threatens the concept of an American
national identity. For example he states that Hispanic immigrants have formed their own "…own political and linguistic enclaves & #8230;rejecting the Anglo-Protestant values that built the
American dream" and that" The United States ignores this challenge at its peril." (Huntington 2004)
Huntington uses a number of cogent facts to support his argument. For example, he refers to the fact that various Hispanic organizations play a central role in persuading the U.S. Congress to provide authorization for the
promotion of Hispanic culture within the mainstream of
American society; for instance, in programs for bilingual education. He also notes that the large number of immigrants in certain areas also makes it possible for many Spanish speakers to not have to learn English. He goes on to make the alarming assertion that immigrants could form "an autonomous, culturally and linguistically distinct and economically self-reliant bloc within the U.S.contemptuous of American culture." (Lowenthal 2004)
On the surface there are obvious comparison with the situation in the United Kingdom, where immigration from countries such as Pakistan have created a certain degree of ethnic and racial tension and in some cases even violent reaction. The terrorist attacks of 7/7 in London are also linked in the minds of some to ethic and cultural tension in the country (of the four bombers in this incident, three were from Pakistan). However, as will be argued, the situation in Britain is very different to that of the United States as British culture tends to be more 'closed' and less open to the assimilation of cultures than the United States.
4. Assessment
Huntington's argument is based a number of assertions. The first and most important is that an immigrant culture becomes a threat when it does not assimilate and adopt the dominant norms, values and perceptions of that society. This leads to the view, in the case of the Hispanic issue, that American national identity is being threatened.
The above argument depends to a great degree on what is meant or defined as national identity. Huntington defines national identity in terms of
race, ethnicity, culture and
religion. He also include the propensity of the initial Protestant ethic…
