Sign Up Now
Get instant access to over 1 million+ study documents
OR
Already registered? click here to login
By creating your account, you agree to our terms of service, privacy policy and student honor code.
Just as education and aspirations were 'normalized' for Gary G., criminal behaviors were normalized for Gary F. At a very young age (Burkhead 2006: 24). Also, there may be genetic factors which predispose certain individuals to aggressive behavior which makes them more susceptible to crime. This was combined with evidence of a genetic tendency towards addiction in the form of alcohol. His mother was very ambivalent about having a child and there may have been some developmental problems caused because of a lack of prenatal care. Gary G.'s home environment was extremely chaotic and he had no stable caregivers. He also sustained a trauma to the head at a young age, and concussions and early head injuries are linked to asocial behavior (Burkhead 2006: 24-25).
There was little institutional support for Gary F. He did not go to preschool, and a possible learning disability was undiagnosed and untreated in his chaotic school system (Burkhead 2006: 24). He was exposed to alcohol very early in life and drinking was quickly 'normalized' for him as acceptable behavior. He began smoking and engaging in sex very early in life, due to his unsupervised existence. Although he tested as having above-average intelligence, he had no 'advocates' within the system in the form of teachers or coaches because he did poorly in school, he did not participate in extracurricular... With no role models or viable career prospects, Gary F. quickly fell into a life of crime. He dropped out of school and began selling marijuana (Burkhead 2006: 24).
...
Thus, one clear risk factor for criminal behavior is early drug use, given that Gary F.'s habit provided a springboard for his first lucrative criminal activity. From Gary F.'s perspective, crime did 'pay' in the short run, since the example of his family and the world around him suggested he would make more money selling drugs than going to college and getting a traditional job. There is also strong evidence of a genetic link that makes particular individuals susceptible to addiction and Gary F. came from a household of addicts, including his biological mother (Burkhead 2006: 23-24).
But not everyone who uses drugs early becomes an addict -- Gary F.'s lack of exposure to other ways of life and lack of positive reinforcement to succeed in school made selling drugs seem more attractive than someone with a great deal to lose, like Gary G. Even genetic factors can become more likely to be expressed in some environments than in others. Even if Gary F. may have had problems with alcohol addiction due to his genetic makeup, because of his class, income level, and environment, he had little access to rehabilitation programs.
Reference
Burkhead Michael, Dow. (2006). The search for the causes of crime: A history of theory in criminology. McFarland & Company.
Reference
Burkhead Michael, Dow. (2006). The search for the causes of crime: A history of theory in criminology. McFarland & Company.
Clinical interventions put in place include, counseling of those teenagers who are already using tobacco and provide them with tobacco cessation. While, one of the community intervention strategies are, increase in the unit price of tobacco increased to hinder teenagers from buying hence, decreased tobacco use initiation among them. Also, there are efforts to restrict access of tobacco for minors, aided by community support to stop teenage access to
, 2010). This point is also made by Yehuda, Flory, Pratchett, Buxbaum, Ising and Holsboer (2010), who report that early life stress can also increase the risk of developing PTSD and there may even be a genetic component involved that predisposes some people to developing PTSD. Studies of Vietnam combat veterans have shown that the type of exposure variables that were encountered (i.e., severe personal injury, perceived life threat, longer duration,
Findings showed that 95% of the respondents' overall health status was slightly higher compared to that of the general U.S. population of the same age and sex. Factors identified with the favorable health status were male gender, married state, higher educational attainment, higher military rank and inclusion in the Air Force service. Lower quality of health was associated with increased use of health care, PTSD, disability, behavioral risk factors
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in Children Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is most commonly associated with war veterans. Researchers have, however, increasingly recognized this condition in women, children, and men from all backgrounds and for a variety of reasons. According to Roberts et al. (2011), the condition results from the experience of an event that is traumatic, and that makes the individual feel helpless, horrified, or afraid. A common factor among sufferers of
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder and Risk of Dementia among U.S. Veterans According to Yaffe et al. (2010), Post Traumatic Stress Disorder is a prevalent psychiatric syndrome linked to increased mortality and morbidity rates. This condition is among the most prevalent amid veterans returning from combat. Among veterans returning from Afghanistan and Iraq, the prevalence of post traumatic stress disorder is estimated to be about 17% (Seal et al., 2009). Veterans returning
The study also revealed that 9% of those still in active military service developed psychiatric disorders. It concluded that many of them displayed psychotic symptoms other than flashbacks and dissociative symptoms. These symptoms are essential parts of PTSD. Most of the war veterans investigated exhibited psychotic symptoms of either depressive or schizophrenia. O the PTSD patients, 9% also suffered from major depressive disorder with psychotic features, while 11% had psychotic