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Pesticide Runoff
Background of the Water Quality Issue: Agricultural Pesticide Runoff in Rural Water Supplies
Agricultural pesticide runoff in rural water supplies is a significant water quality issue that warrants a public health response. This problem is characterized by the movement of pesticides, which are substances used to prevent, destroy, repel, or mitigate any pest, from agricultural fields into rural water supplies. This runoff can occur during rainfall or irrigation when water, moving over the surface of the field, picks up pesticide residues and transports them to nearby water bodies. This paper provides an historical review of this issue, describes the current state of the problem, and assesses exposure and the public health impact response needed.
Historical Review of the Water Quality Concern
The use of pesticides in agriculture has a long history, dating back to the mid-20th century with the advent of synthetic pesticides like DDT. These substances were initially hailed as a breakthrough in pest control, enabling significant increases in agricultural productivity and food security. However, over time, the environmental and health impacts of pesticide use became increasingly apparent.
One of the most significant concerns is the runoff of these pesticides into water supplies. This issue has been exacerbated by the intensification of agriculture and the corresponding increase in pesticide use. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is responsible for evaluating and approving pesticides for use in the United States. The process involves examining the ingredients of the pesticide, the site or crop where it is to be used, the amount, frequency, and timing of its use, and storage and disposal practices. Despite these regulations, pesticide runoff continues to be a significant issue, particularly in rural areas where agriculture is a dominant land use (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), 2014).
Current State of the Problem
Today, agricultural pesticide runoff continues to pose a significant threat to water quality in rural areas. Pesticides can contaminate surface water and groundwater, affecting both drinking water supplies and aquatic ecosystems. The health risks associated with pesticide exposure range from short-term effects like skin and eye irritation, headaches, dizziness, and nausea, to long-term effects such as cancer, reproductive harm, endocrine disruption, and developmental problems (World Health Organization (WHO), 2014).
The environmental impacts are equally concerning. Pesticides can harm non-target organisms, including beneficial insects, birds, fish, and plants. They can also disrupt aquatic ecosystems, leading to issues like reduced biodiversity, altered nutrient cycles, and decreased resilience to disturbances (U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), 2014).
Despite the regulatory efforts of agencies like the EPA, the problem of pesticide runoff persists. This is due to a variety of factors, including the continued reliance on pesticides in agriculture, the complex behavior of pesticides in the environment, and challenges in monitoring and enforcement. Thus, given the significant health and environmental impacts of pesticide runoff, a public health response is warranted. This response should involve a combination of strategies, including improved regulation, better farming practices, public education, and ongoing research to develop safer alternatives to harmful pesticides.
Assessment of Exposure: Agricultural Pesticide Runoff in Rural Water Supplies
Potential Human Health Effects
The potential human health effects of exposure to agricultural pesticide runoff can be severe (Syafrudin et al., 2021). These effects are largely dependent on the type of pesticide, the level of exposure, and the duration of exposure. Acute exposure to pesticides can lead to immediate health effects such as skin and eye irritation, nausea, headaches, dizziness, and in severe cases, seizures, loss of consciousness, or even death. Chronic exposure, on the other hand, can lead to long-term health effects. These include various forms of cancer (such as leukemia and non-Hodgkin lymphoma), neurological disorders (like Parkinson's disease and cognitive impairment), hormonal disruption,...…Clean Water Act (CWA) establishes standards for water quality (Ozymy & Ozymy, 2022). In addition to these federal laws, many states have their own regulations regarding pesticide use and water quality. There are also various voluntary programs and initiatives aimed at promoting safer farming practices and reducing pesticide runoff.
Proposed Actions and Policies
Despite these existing measures, more action is needed to effectively address the issue of agricultural pesticide runoff. Some proposed actions and policies are to strengthen regulations, promote safer alternatives via tax breaks and subsidies, improve monitoring, and enhance public education about the dangers of pesticide runoff via community workshops and programs.
Summary and Conclusion: Agricultural Pesticide Runoff in Rural Water Supplies
In conclusion, agricultural pesticide runoff in rural water supplies is a significant public health and environmental issue that requires comprehensive and coordinated action. The potential human health effects and environmental harm associated with this issue underscore the urgency of addressing it effectively. The core public health impact of responding to this problem is profound. If people can reduce pesticide runoff, they can protect human health, improve the quality of drinking water, and safeguard our ecosystems. This, in turn, can lead to broader societal benefits, including improved food safety, enhanced biodiversity, and stronger community resilience. Local, state, and federal public health agencies all have crucial roles to play in this effort, and their collaboration is essential for success. Addressing this issue effectively will require a range of resources and partnerships, including financial and technical resources, and collaboration with farmers, community organizations, and academic institutions. Currently, there are several laws and regulations in place to manage pesticide use and protect water quality, more action is needed. Further proposed actions include strengthening regulations, promoting safer alternatives to harmful pesticides, improving monitoring and enhancing public education. These measures would not only address the immediate issue of…
References
Ioannidou, V., & Stefanakis, A. I. (2020). The use of constructed wetlands to mitigate pollutionfrom agricultural runoff. Contaminants in agriculture: sources, impacts and management, 233-246.
Ozymy, J., & Ozymy, M. J. (2022). The Politics of the Criminal Enforcement of FIFRA: 1983-2021. Drake J. Agric. L., 27, 357.
Syafrudin, M., Kristanti, R. A., Yuniarto, A., Hadibarata, T., Rhee, J., Al-Onazi, W. A., ... & Al-Mohaimeed, A. M. (2021). Pesticides in drinking water—a review. International journal of environmental research and public health, 18(2), 468.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). (2014). About pesticide registration. Retrieved from https://www.epa.gov/pesticide-registration/about-pesticide-registrationU.S. Geological Survey (USGS). (2014). USGS water-quality information. Retrieved from http://water.usgs.gov/owq/
World Health Organization (WHO). (2014). Water sanitation health. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/en/
Pesticides which were invented to destroy large quantities of insects that were harming crops, are actually causing a great deal of harm to the environment. This has been an issue particularly in the agricultural field. Farmers and those in the agricultural field have for a long time had to deal with insects which try to attack their crops and ruin their potential harvest. To combat these bugs, scientists were able
The genetic developments and modifications are also major cause of increased requirements for pesticides. The crops are grown in off seasons and as a result they require additional support to achieve high production volumes. Solutions: The solutions for the issue related to awareness can be attained through multiple sources. The geological awareness should be focused on the land ethics principles. Several solutions are available to increase awareness among the users of
Gilles mentions, for example, "faulty sprayers, lack of protective equipment adapted to tropical conditions, and nonexistent first-aid provisions" in developing nations (11). In a Sand County Almanac, Leopold argues that it is time to extend the concept of ethics to the environment. Human attitudes and consciousness related to the environment can and should change. Leopold uses a moral and philosophical argument, whereas Carson uses a more emotional and evidence-based argument.
A report by Elliot (2009) also refers to other positive aspects of organically grown food. "…research found higher level of antioxidants -- which help the body to combat cancer and cardiovascular disease -- in organic foods" (Elliot, 2009). In the final analysis it seems from the literature that there is overwhelming evidence to link pesticides in food with serious health issues and problems in children. This is especially critical with
Threat of Pesticides to Infants' Health and Safety: Pesticides are chemicals that have successfully been used in agricultural production to restrain pests on different crops such as vegetables, cereal grains, fruits, and nuts. As a result, they have become a standard part of most farming operations to an extent that they have contributed to an increase of farm productivity to 82% in the past three decades. However, did you know that
These pesticides are cholinesterase-inhibiting organophosphates and carbamates. The reason for their popularity is their low cost and their ability to work against a wide variety of insects. However when those very insects are consumed by birds, the result is fatal as birds either die or develop abnormalities in their reproductive system. Some target specific pesticides are less toxic and may not harm the bird population but still caution must