PROPOSAL

Ten Strategic Points

Broad Topic Area

Metabolic Syndrome/Pre-diabetes Early Awareness Education and Its Effects on BMI

Literature Review

Background of the problem/gap;

There is gap in the literature regarding how patients response to DSME that ought to be applied to acquire the advantages; and also on what these patients plan to do with the newfound knowledge gained via DSME intervention. (Brown, 2017; Islam et al., 2014). The demand for interventions aimed at enhancing patients understanding about diabetes is increasing (Islam et al., 2014). The population that stands the greatest risk of developing diabetes is between the ages of 25 to 65 years. If there are no proper interventions to reduce pre-diabetes occurrence there is a possibility that the lack of educational interventions may lead to a bigger financial burden in the health sector including a rise in morbidity (National Diabetes Statistics Report, 2014, para 8).

a. Theoretical foundations (models and theories to be foundation for study);

The health belief model (HBM) shaped the project. HBM (Hochbaum, 1958; Rosenstock, 1974) is an intrapersonal model laced around ones knowledge theory and beliefs in the promotion of health (Jones, Smith, & Llewellyn, 2014). Applying HBM was meant to examine peoples behavior via observing their awareness responses, attitudes and perceptions they may hold towards diabetes and the effects of DSME.

b. Review of literature topics with key themes:

Theme One-Prediabetes and Obesity:

Health care institutions, including health centers, care giving organizations, nursing staff and other medical staff should facilitate awareness and education programs regarding predisposing causes of diabetes, and the need for lifestyle change in the population where they operate. Such efforts are more likely to yield positive outcomes as far as management, prevention and control of diabetes is concerned. Only then, will countries begin to see significant gains in the fight against the diabetes; a condition that has reached epidemic status in many developed countries

Subtheme 1: Prediabetes, Obesity and Type II Diabetes:

Several studies have linked obesity with the occurrence of diabetes. Obese people have significant amounts of adipose tissue. Studies show that fatty tissue in some parts of the body secrets hormones that play part in the development of IRS. Indeed, with poor body insulin response mechanism, the breakdown of glucose is severely inhibited. Indeed the weight dynamics have been shown to be important variables in the prediction of the occurrence of diabetes. While not all obese people are diabetic, obesity is a predictor of the occurrence of diabetes after some time; therefore, obesity has a potent connection to our study wherein we seek to investigate the knowledge and awareness of diabetes among patients that have been diagnosed with pre-diabetes in a family clinic.

Subtheme 2- insulin resistance and obesity:

Obesity is a precipitating IRS factor. Insulin resistance Syndrome (IRS) refers to the failure by the body organs to synthesize glucose because they do not respond appropriately to the action of insulin. Studies show that the connection between type 2 diabetes and obesity is resistance to insulin. With regard to obesity, the need to keep ones body weight has been underscored in many studies including one involving infertile Mexican women attending infertility clinics. There is also a connection between pre-diabetes and insulin resistance. NAFLD is also strongly associated with type-2 diabetes and insulin resistance. Non-Alcoholic Liver Disease (NAFLD) is commonly associated with obesity and is a pre-diabetes symptom NAFLD. Obesity and insulin resistance can greatly increase the chances of acquiring diabetes and therefore has a potent connection to our study wherein we seek to investigate the knowledge and awareness of diabetes among patients that have been diagnosed with pre-diabetes in a family clinic.

Subtheme 3-weight loss:

These advantages, assimilated through the findings of various researchers, include: enhanced insulin sensitivity, improvement in mortality rates, better glycemic control, improvements in insulin resistance, better metabolic control, decreased medicine dependency, T2D prevention and onset delay, improvements in cardiovascular risk factors, restored ?-cell functioning and improved mobility, sexual functioning and overall quality of life (Wu, 2014, et al). Patient weight loss benefits can greatly assist in curbing the impact of diabetes and therefore have a potent connection to our study wherein we seek to investigate the knowledge and awareness of diabetes among patients that have been diagnosed with pre-diabetes in a family clinic.

Main theme 2- diabetic education:

DSME can greatly assist in curbing the impact of diabetes and therefore have a potent connection to our study wherein we seek to investigate the knowledge and awareness...…The pretests will establish current knowledge and gaps about diabetes awareness and post-test will determine the information they gained from the intervention (DSME) and how they plan to use that information in their life. The results, will help in the advancement and improvement of the prediabetes self-management intervention programs.

Methodology & Design

Methodology and Design

This study uses a descriptive design as the focus is on the effectiveness of DSME intervention programs. The study will monitor the efficiency of DSME plans and provide recommendations or improvement of future DSME programs.

Purpose Statement

Purpose Statement

The objective of this study is to evaluate awareness and understanding concerning metabolic syndrome and diabetes in pre-diabetic individuals and the effects on BMI.

Data Collection Approach

Data collection

This project will adopt a quantitative descriptive design and use a closed ended questionnaire to carry out DSME pre-assessment and also post-assessment on patients suffering from prediabetes. This study uses a descriptive design in order to measure the effectiveness of DSME intervention programs. Moreover, the study will monitor DSMEs efficiency and provide recommendations for improvement of future DSME programs. To achieve these goals the study will also use a quantitative measurement involving pre-post-test after awareness education has been presented. The subjects will be requested to be weighed to determine if their BMI is >30 and then take part in the pre--assessment and post--assessment once they sign a consent form. The pre-assessment queries will be developed in such a manner that respondents can comprehend and fully grasp the questions (Shawyer et al., 2014; Indiana University, n.d.). The questionnaire will be carried out to measure the degree of knowledge and understanding concerning diabetes from the subjects. After the DSME intervention has taken place, a post-assessment is going to be carried out utilizing an easy to understand questionnaire to ascertain the efficiency of the educational intervention.

Data Analysis Approach

Descriptive statistics and Demographic info will be computed using Microsoft Excel. Descriptive statistics will include frequencies and percentages. Both techniques will be used to assess the subjects demographic information. Moreover, frequencies and percentages will also be used to calculate awareness and knowledge in both pre and post-tests. Descriptive statistics has been chosen because it can determine the connection amid an independent and dependent variables within a chosen population and…