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A threat to security, that continues to grow ever since the beginning of the twentieth century, is that of drugs and national and international crime that is directly linked to it. The U.S. government is actively implementing policies of fighting illegal drug trafficking and use both nationally and internationally. The cooperation in this matter between Mexico, the main gate for illicit drugs from Latin America and the U.S. is vital. The U.S. President approved in 2007 the list of major illicit drug producing or trafficking countries that was to be submitted to the U.S. Congress in 2008. Among the major players in the field of illicit drugs were: Afghanistan, the Bahamas, Bolivia, Brazil, Burma, Colombia, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Guatemala, Haiti, India, Jamaica, Laos, Mexico, Nigeria, Pakistan, Panama, Paraguay, Peru. Meanwhile, Europe came under...
Ethnic and regional conflicts are rather old, just as the illicit drug producing and trafficking is nothing new. but, the global warming due to aggressive urbanizing and stark industrialization, the attack of viruses like HIV, the ones that cause bird flu or swine flu, alongside with old ones that were believed to have been eradicated, are produced by all kinds of new sources.
Poverty, illiteracy and corrupt governments are the main causes for international piracy, spread of epidemics, high mortality rates and the extinction of entire populations due to the lack of fresh water and starvation. International cooperation confronts new and more complex challenges that although not insurmountable, require immediate attention and action. Although individual action is welcome under any circumstances, globalization has made individual efforts alone rather futile. More than ever, the future in preventing security risks rests on the cooperation between nations.
Apostolidis, Paul. 2005. Whitman College. Hegemony and Hamburger: Migration Narratives and Democratic Unionism among Mexican Meatpackers in the U.S. West . Political Research Quarterly, Vol. 58, No. 4 (Dec., 2005), pp. 647-658
Sekilich, Daniel. 2009. Terror on the Seas: True Tales of Modern-Day Pirates. Macmillan the Center for Arms Control and Non-Proliferation. 2007. (accesed: Aug 23, 2009. Available at: http://armscontrolcenter.org/policy/nonproliferation/?gclid=CPWetM2jvZwCFc5L5Qod0zO2ng
World at Risk. A Global Issues Sourcebook CQ Press. A Division of Congressional Quarterly Inc. 2002
ONDCP. Certification for Major Illicit Drugs Producing and Transit Countries. Available at: http://www.whitehousedrugpolicy.gov/publications/international/factsht/cert_major_illct.html. (accessed Aug 22, 2009)
Sekilich, Daniel. 2009. Terror on the Seas: True Tales of Modern-Day Pirates. Macmillan the Center for Arms Control and Non-Proliferation. 2007. (accesed: Aug 23, 2009. Available at: http://armscontrolcenter.org/policy/nonproliferation/?gclid=CPWetM2jvZwCFc5L5Qod0zO2ng
World at Risk. A Global Issues Sourcebook CQ Press. A Division of Congressional Quarterly Inc. 2002
ONDCP. Certification for Major Illicit Drugs Producing and Transit Countries. Available at: http://www.whitehousedrugpolicy.gov/publications/international/factsht/cert_major_illct.html. (accessed Aug 22, 2009)
S. troops with car bombs. Saddam is in custody, but no WMD have been found. "The human toll of the war has been high for Americans and Iraqis alike" (Lee, 2005). "More than 1,500 U.S. soldiers have been killed and more than 11,000 have been wounded... [and] it is estimated that as many as 100,000 Iraqi civilians have lost their lives," U.S. Representative Barbara Lee (D-Oakland) wrote in the San
In all cases there is the perception of the U.S. interfering in issues that should be dealt with locally, interfering to protect their own interest and to enforce their own values; a situation which leads to resistance. Terrorism may be argued as an action undertaken when people feel that they cannot be heard in another way. This resistance has been seen in terrorist attacks which may be directly related to
international politics and relations in the current era, which define how communities and geographical regions relate to each other, have evolved over a period after time. The human history has been a roller coaster ride, full of violence, bloodshed and genocides. The term genocide refers to a planned and organized destruction against a national, ethnic or religious group. In every geographical area, there are people from different ethnic, religious and
Global Hegemony The United States is currently a global hegemon. It epitomizes several fundamental characteristics of a hegemon, ranging from the obvious to the subtler. The first of these characteristics is related to the military. A hegemon possesses the strongest military in the world, and its military is superior to any competing nations. In addition, a hegemon has the largest and most technically advanced economy in the world. A hegemon is a
Constructivist theory is one of the theories of the international relations emerged in the 1990s posing a challenge to the dominant liberal and realist theoretical paradigms. By taking different theoretical approaches to viewing the international systems, constructivist theory emphasizes on the material objects "rather than the mere existence of the objects themselves". (Cristol, 2011 p 1), for example, nuclear weapons in North Korea, and the United Kingdom may be identical
Despite offering particular benefits to post-conflict nations, increased levels of help following civil war also comes with negative upshots that entails a rise in fraud and jeopardizing one of the basic objectives of peacekeeping. Corruption affects the peacebuilding process, institutions and people in a given nation. For instance in Herzegovina and Bosnia, corruption affected the operation of Bosnian judicial institutions (Kahler, 2013). Moreover, the strategy adapted to address fraud in